作者：长沙新东方唐思宇

2015年考研英语一阅读理解保留了我们在课上讲过的考研阅读的一贯特征。文章选材的来源是我们课上多次强调的《卫报》等，文章的话题和写法也并未见难、怪。不过正如我们之前给大家的考研预测，近几年考研英语阅读的趋势是侧重对词、句灵活、深刻的考察，因此投机取巧的可能性大大降低了。出题方面一贯地稳定，我们新东方考研阅读课上强调的例证题、主旨题、态度题等均有考察；若是有充分吸收课堂内容，阅读部分拿到40分甚至更多都很有可能！这次的考研阅读能很好地考察出考生是否有到位的准备和扎实的功底。所以考研备考的同学们，可不要轻视阅读。认真积累、提升功底才是王道啊！

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这篇文章选自近年来考研阅读常选的《卫报》，话题涉及到欧洲国家君主的现状。我们课上提到过，欧美国家的历史、文化类话题是近些年考研的热门话题；听过新东方考研阅读课上分析范文的童鞋更应该不陌生：2009年第四篇、2010年第一篇、2011年第一篇都有涉及类似话题。对于这类文章，一定的背景知识是必要的。题目方面，21、23是常见考察事实细节，22、24则是我们考研阅读课堂上仔细分析过的考察因果关系，25题也是重点题型主旨题。如果你能完全发挥课堂知识，这篇文章应有希望拿到8分、甚至满分！

原文来自2014年6月4日The Guardian: Is the writing on the wall for all European royals? (by David Priestland)

    King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?

    The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ”mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

    It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.

    Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history — and sometimes the way they behave today — embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.

    The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

    While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

    It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service — as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.

21.According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain

[A] used to enjoy high public support

[B] was unpopular among European royals

[C] eased his relationship with his rivals

[D] ended his reign in embarrassment

答案：D

解析：首二段中关于King Juan Carlos的描述集中在首段首二句。第二句提到“尴尬的丑闻以及共和的风行”（embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican）“迫使King Juan Carlos食言并退位”（forced him to eat his words and stand down），被改写为D选项的“在尴尬中结束了他的君主统治”（ended his reign in embarrassment）。

干扰选项

A：未提及King Juan Carlos过去享有民众很高的支持。

B：未提及King Juan Carlos在欧洲王室中不受欢迎。

C：未提及King Juan Carlos缓和了与对手之间的关系。

22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly

[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status

[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality

[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to

[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment

答案：A

解析：注意本题问的是欧洲国家的君主被保留为国家领袖的原因或目的。heads of states出现在三段首句，第二句紧接着描述欧洲国家君主多，但第三段起才开始具体分析欧洲国家保留君主的原因。这句话中，通过与海湾国家与亚洲国家的对比，作者点明了欧洲国家王室存留下来的原因是：他们可以“让选民们不用去艰苦地寻找一个不受争议、受到尊敬的公众人物”（they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure）；换言之，欧洲的王室就是这样一个“不受争议、受到尊敬的公众人物”的形象，给选民以精神寄托。non-controversial和respected对应A选项的undouted和respectable，status对应public figure。

干扰选项：

B：作文并未将王室的存在定义为“传统与现实的平衡”。

C：据文章意，王室的存在是为了让选民们不用寻找更多公众人物。C与原文相反。

D：三段首句明确提到王室的存在已经“超越了政治”，即不只是政治意义上的代表。D与原文相反。

23.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?

[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth

[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies

[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families

[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privilege

答案：B

解析：本题问的是第四段中作者提到的一件奇怪的事情。odd同义对应第四段末句的bizarre，意为“奇怪的”；这是该题定位的关键。该句明确提到一件很奇怪的事情是“有钱的贵族家庭居然仍然是现代民主国家的核心象征”（wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states），这被改写为了B选项提到的“贵族阶级在现代民主中扮演的角色”。wealthy aristocratic families与the nobility同义。

干扰选项：

A：贵族家庭的财富并非是作者觉得奇怪的事情。

C：据文中描述，贵族家庭的生活并不简单。C与原文相反。

D：贵族家庭依附特权并非是作者觉得奇怪的事情。

24. The British royals ”have most of fear” because Charles

[A] takes a tough line on political issues

[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised

[C] takes republicans as his potential allies

[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role

答案：D

解析：本题问到的have most of fear出现在倒数第二段，末段详细分析Charles是英国王室一大危险的原因。注意到在描述Charles之前，作者还专门描述了他的母亲the Queen，并指出目前英国王室中“只有女王在保存着王室的声誉”（It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation），暗指其他王室成员（包括Charles）都没有做到身为王室成员该做的。之后，作者详细列举Charles“生活方式品味昂贵”（an expensive taste of lifestyle）“等级制的世界观”（a pretty hierarchical view of the world）“没能理解王室的存在是由于其提供了服务”（failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service）；所有这些都意在表明，Charles作为当今英国王子、今后的继位国王，并没有真正扮演好自己应当扮演的角色。末句，作者更是恨铁不成钢，批评Charles“本应懂得英国历史所表明的的道理：王室最大的敌人就是国王们、而非共和党人”（ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies）；暗指Charles该懂的基本道理都不懂。这都对应了D选项，即Charles还没有准备好适应未来的角色（接女王的位、成为英国国王和王室代言人）。

干扰选项：

A：末段没有体现Charles对政治事务态度强硬。take a tough line on“对……态度强硬”。

B：作者并未提到任何人给Charles的建议。

C：作者并没有要求Charles将共和党人视为自己的盟友。

25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?

[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined

[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne

[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs

[D] Charles, Slow to ReACT to the Coming Threats.

答案：C

解析：典型主旨题，注意文章话题范文。全文用西班牙国王Carlos退位一事开篇，展开了对君主制是否穷途末路的探讨，并着重分析了欧洲各国当下君主的优劣势。C很好地概括了这些要素。

干扰选项：

A：Carlos的故事只是开篇的引子，并非是全文主人公。

B、D：Charles只是文末的例子，并非是全文主人公。

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这篇文章所选的《华盛顿邮报》考研也不是第一次利用了，话题上涉及到美国社会及法律。听过课的童鞋们应该对这类话题深有感触吧！我们详细分析过2012年第四篇、2013年第四篇都有类似的话题，你至少会对法律话题中常见的一些名词感到不陌生。题目方面，26、28、29考察事实细节，27则是被我们仔细分析过技巧的作者态度题，30题也是我们课上会透彻分析思路的例证题。课上的知识应能保证你拿到至少8分！

原文来自2014年4月28日The Washington Post上的Supreme Court should begin laying out privacy protections for smartphones

　　Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

　　California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

　　The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernible, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

　　They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone — a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

        Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.

        As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still trump Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, exigent circumstances, such as the threat of immediate harm, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more leeway.

　　But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

　　26. The Supreme court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ____

　　[A] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.

　　[B] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.

　　[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

　　[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

答案：B

解析：本题对应首段第二句。B选项的check suspects’ phone contents对应这里的search the contents of a mobile phone，being authorized改写a warrant。

干扰选项：

A：这里探讨的是警察能否搜寻嫌犯手机里的内容，而非是搜查手机本身。

C：没有提到是否允许嫌犯删除手机内容。

D：没有提到是否不允许嫌犯使用手机。

　　27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of ____

　　[A] tolerance.

　　[B] indifference.

　　[C] disapproval.

　　[D] cautiousness.

答案：C

解析：第三段首句，作者明确指出最高法院如果听从加州的观点，那就是“谦虚得鲁莽”（recelessly modest），可见作者并不认为加州的观点值得听从。第四段首，作者再次提出高院应当抛弃加州软弱的观点（discarding California’s lame argument），可见作者明确的负面方向。注意，末段作者的转变应当被视为是态度的让步，而并非真正的中立。选项中只有C是明确负向。

　　28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to ____

　　[A] getting into one’s residence.

　　[B] handing one’s historical records.

　　[C] scanning one’s correspondences.

　　[D] going through one’s wallet.

答案：A

解析：题干对应第四段第三句，用be comparable to改写了原文的be like。A的get和residence同义改写这里的enter和home。

干扰选项：

B：文中并未提及要递交历史记录；这与翻看手机内容也不是类比。

C：文中并未提交要扫描通信；这与翻开手机内容页不是类比。

D：这是加州的观点，作者观点与加州观点相反。作者认为翻看手机比翻看钱包严重得多。

　　29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ____

　　[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.

　　[B] the court is giving police less room for ACTion.

　　[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.

　　[D] citizens’ privacy is not effective protected.

答案：D

解析：本题问的是作者在五、六两段所透露出的担忧（concern）。五段首作者就明确提出美国人应当“采取措施保护数码隐私”（take steps to protect their digital privacy），之后转折提出用数码设备记录信息又是“日常生活日益必须的”（increasingly a requirement of normal life）。可见作者对市民数据隐私能否得到有效保护心存担忧。

干扰选项：

A：作者并未说过很难厘清理论原则；作者在第六段首说的是很难划定实际界限（doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing）。

B：作者在第六段末提到了高院可能想要给警察留出空间（The court may want to allow room for police）；B与此相反。

C：作者并不担心手机被用来储存敏感信息；作者担心的是手机中所储存的信息不受保护。

　　30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that ____

　　[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.

　　[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.

　　[C] California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.

　　[D] principles of the Constitution should never be altered.

答案：A

解析：本题问的是文中引用Orin Kerr所作的类比是想要说明什么，典型的例证题。Orin Kerr的话从末段第三句开始延续到最后，作者引用Orin Kerr想论证的观点就应当在其前面。末段第二句，作者指出，新的、引发混乱的技术需要“对宪法保护条例进行新的应用”（novel applications of the Constitution’s protections），对应A选项“宪法应当被灵活执行”。implement同义替换application和apply，flexibly表示要有变化、对应new。

干扰选项：

B：作者强调的是对宪法的灵活执行，而不是重新解读。

C：作者并未认为加州的观点有违宪。

D：作者的观点是认为宪法的执行应用可以灵活变通，但并未讨论宪法原则是否可被更改。

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考研之前虽然很少选《自然》上的文章，但这篇文章的话题简直不能太熟悉啊！关于论文发表及科研过程，在新东方考研的课堂上，我们仔细分析过2008年第二篇、2012年第三篇这两篇同类话题文，即便你是文科生应该也心里有底。题目方面，31、33、34考察事实细节，32这道词汇题比咱们课堂上分析的还要直接，35再度考察主旨题。听过新东方考研阅读课的童鞋们，这篇文章你们的目标应当是满分！

原文来自2014年7月3日Nature上的Science joins push to screen statistics in papers (by Richard Van Noorden)，以下是原文节选，可能与真题有少许出入

　　The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

　　“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.

　　Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”

　　Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He aGREed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impACT. This impACT will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”

        John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology at Stanford University in California, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue”. “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that for the majority of scientific papers nowadays statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says, but he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.

        Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyse data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist at the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research in Parkville, Australia. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in Nature in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”2. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify (the papers that need scrutiny) in the first place”.

31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that ____

　　[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.

　　[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

　　[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

　　[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.

答案：B

解析：首句提到Science期刊在论文发表的同行评议流程中“增加了一轮额外数据检查”（adding an extra round of statistical checks），第二句指出其它期刊之前也采取了“类似的行为”（similar efforts）。一同对应B选项。

干扰选项：

A：增加对数据的检查意味着流程的强化、而非简化。

C：本段末句明确提到许多（many）研究中数据分析都有错误。C的few（很少）与此相反。

D：本段提到的是研究中的数据分析经常犯错（mistakes），并非是缺乏数据分析。

　　32. The phrase “flagged up ”(Para.2)is the closest in meaning to ____

　　[A] found.

　　[B] revised.

　　[C] marked

　　[D] stored

答案：C

解析：flag本身是“旗子“的意思，不难想到其动词表示“插旗子、挂旗子”、即是表示“做标记”，与mark同义。还可注意下句的动作“寻找数据专家来检查手稿”（find external statisticians to review these manuscripts）是承接在本句flag up所表示的动作之后的。其它三个选项的意思若代入本句，都无法合理引出下句的行为。

拓展：OALD对flag动词意思的解释为：mark (sth) for particular attention with a special mark or label。勤翻词典，自己能解决很多单词的问题。

33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may ____

　　[A] pose a threat to all its peers

　　[B] meet with strong opposition

　　[C] increase Science’s circulation.

　　[D] set an example for other journals

答案：D

解析：Giovanni Parmigiani所说那段话的最后一句中，提Science的影响不会仅限于其本身，还会影响到“更多想模仿Science做法的出版商”（a larger group of publishing venues that may want to model their approach after Science），对应D选项。model对应set an example。

干扰选项：

A、B：两个选项都是负面评价，但Giovanni Parmigiani言语中并无负面情绪。

C：Giovanni Parmigiani未提到Science的发行量会上升。

34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now ____

　　A. adds to researchers’ workload.

　　B. diminishes the role of reviewers.

　　C. has room for further improvement.

　　D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.

答案：C

解析：David Vaux所说的一段话中，末句对Science的行为进行了评价。他认为Science所做的“有好处”（has some merits）但也有缺点（but a weakness is …），对应C选项所说的“有提升空间”。

干扰选项：

A：David Vaux未提到研究者的工作量有上升。

B：David Vaux最后提到Science所采取措施的缺点是“依赖审查编辑委员会”（it relies on the board of reviewing editors），可见审查者的角色并未削弱、而是很强。

D：David Vaux并未提到Science的行为将会失败。

　　35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

　　A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers

　　B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

　　C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks

　　D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

答案：A

解析：全文介绍了Science对论文审查发表流程的加强，也引用多方观点探讨了当下科学论文中数据分析的问题及其影响。A很好地概括了这些元素。事实上，A本来就是这篇文章原作者所拟的原文标题。

干扰选项：

B：本文并未探讨统计学家应当获得的尊重。

C：本文所说并非是数据分析主动参与论文编辑，而是论文审查主动借助数据分析的帮助。

D：本文描述的是Science第一次借助统计学家审查论文，并无“回归”一说。

Text 4

再度选到《卫报》，重要性不言而喻。这篇文章涉及到新闻行业的正直感缺失，与考前预测过的2010年第一篇要不要这么像！作为四篇中的最后一篇，文章和题目难度都不小，但是正如同我们给大家强调的，文章难时多注意选项特征！你若是熟悉我们考研阅读课上讲的干扰选项模式，会发现后面几道题其实也没有那么难排除，错误选项的特征相当鲜明。冲击8分不成问题！

原文节选自2014年6月29日The Guardian上的As the hacking trial proves, we lack moral purpose in public life (by Will Hutton)

　　Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.

　　Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

　　As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.

　　In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fACT of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fACT that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.

　　In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organiSATions that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impACT and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

　　The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impACT. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.

36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by ____.

　　(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.

　　(B) companies’ financial loss due to immoral prACTices.

　　(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.

　　(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

答案：A

解析：首都引出Elisabeth所担心的现象，她认为各机构“令人不安地缺乏正直”（unsettling dearth of integrity）。第二句指出该现象的原因，是由于大家都接受了“社会的唯一筛选机制就是利润和市场”（the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market）。这两句共同对应了A选项。

干扰选项：

B：首二段Elisabeth并未提到公司的经济损失。

C：首二段Elisabeth并未提到政府对道德问题处理低效。第二段提到的是政府内部道德感的缺失。

D：首二段Elisabeth提到的是各机构缺乏正直，而不是误用正直。

37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

　　(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

　　(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

　　(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

　　(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

答案：B

解析：第三段中描述到记者中存在广泛的入侵电话的现象，并举了具体的有过入侵电话犯罪行为的人为例。最后两句提到“其他人等着审判，这场故事还仍在展开”（Others await trial. This saga still unfolds），暗示还有更多有过入侵电话犯罪行为的记者即将水落石出，对应B选项。

干扰选项：

A：本段并未暗示Glenn Mulcaire有任何否认入侵电话罪行的可能。

C：本段开头明确提到Andy Coulson已被认定有入侵电话罪行，并未提到他无罪。无罪的是之后提到的Rebekah Brooks。

D：本段从未提到过在任何情况下入侵电话是可被接受的行为。

38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s defense

　　(A) revealed a cunning personality.

　　(B) centered on trivial issues.

　　(C) was hardly convincing.

　　(D) was part of a conspiracy.

答案：C

解析：第四段第二句开始，作者描述到Rebekah Brooks在庭审中的表现出令人惊讶：她“对编辑室发生的一起知之甚少”（how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom）“完全不打算询问事实和故事来源”（how little she thought to ask and the fACT that she never inquired how the stories arrived）。对此，在第四段末句作者讽刺道，Rebekah Brooks“成功辩护的核心就是她一无所知”（The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing）。可见作者对其辩护十分不满，认为没有意义；对应C选项的态度。此外，还可以注意本段作者在描述Rebekah Brooks之前，首句即表明了自己的观点，认为道德目的的缺失“不仅衬托了入侵电话这类事实、而且还衬托了庭审所开展的方式”（frames not only the fACT of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place）；意味着之后要描述的Rebekah Brooks在庭审上的辩护是“缺失道德”的体现，暗示了作者对她的不满。

干扰选项

A：作者只是评价Rebekah Brooks的辩护本身没有意义、缺乏道德，并未引申到Rebekah Brooks本人个性狡猾；这是过度推理。也可在下段首句中看出作者重点是对Rebekah Brooks等高管在此类事件中的表现进行了评价，而并非是直接攻击人格。

B：作者并未指出Rebekah Brooks的辩护关注的事件太琐碎。

D：作者并未暗示Rebekah Brooks是在与他人串通共谋。

39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

　　(A) generally distorted values.

　　(B) unfair wealth distribution.

　　(C) a marginalized lifestyle.

　　(D) a rigid moral code.

答案：A

解析：题干问的是当下的共同教义体现了什么，对应第五段第二句。这里，作者提到当下人们的共同教义是“社会的筛选机制就是利润”（the sorting mechanism of society should be profit）。之后，作者进一步开始列举了当下重要的概念：效率、灵活、股东价值、商业友好、财富一代、销量、影响、报纸发行量（efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impACT and, in newspapers, circulation）；不难注意到，这些概念都与“利润”（profit）有关。段末，作者则列举了当下被边缘化的概念：争议、公平、忍耐、比例、负责（justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability）；而这些概念都与前文已多次提到的“正直”（integrity）有关。通过这里“热门词”与“冷门词”的对比，不难看出作者的倾向：认为当下人们过于注重利润，忽视了真正正直的价值。对应A选项的“扭曲的价值观”。

干扰选项：

B：作者并未提到财富分配不公的问题。作者重视的问题是正直的缺失。

C：作者所说的不是人们生活方式被边缘化，而是正直的价值观被边缘化。

D：作者意在凸显当下价值观的扭曲，D选项所说的“坚定的道德准则”与这相反。

40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

　　(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.

　　(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.

　　(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

　　(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

答案：C

解析：末段首句，作者提到Rupert Murdoch领导的the News of the World编辑的目的“不是为了促进读者理解、公平描述、或是暴露人性”（not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity），而是“为了发行量和影响力而毁掉生活”（to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impACT）。这体现的即是作者认为the News of the World缺少正直与道德，为了利润不惜一切。事实上，这是作者全文观点的再度体现。由此已经可以得出C选项，作者对新闻编辑缺失道德痛心疾首。另外也可研读末句，作者指出无论Brooks是否对所记者们的行为有所了解，她都“没有质疑、没有指示”（asked no questions, gave no instructions）、且“没有得到可追踪、有记录的答案”（nor received traceable, recorded answers）；可看到在这里，作者再次对Brooks的行为进行了批评，同样是呼吁人们对道德和正直的重视。

干扰选项：

A：末段作者并未体现出对新闻写作的水平质量的重视。作者从始至终重视的，都是正直与道德。

B：末段作者提到了人性，但并未暗示这是新闻报道最要体现的方面。

D：末段作者提到了记者，但重点不在于指责记者，而在于批评Rupert Murdoch、Rebekah Brooks这类新闻行业的大佬本身正直的缺失、以及对道德的漠视。

新题型——七选五

这次新题型考的是大家相当熟悉、咱们分析相当透彻的七选五！考场上的童鞋们看到的时候有没有狂笑五千下！作为一个已经考过6次的题型，咱们都不好意思叫它“新题型”了；在新东方考研课上我们分析思路和技巧已经够多了。这次每个空前后的都有十分明显的线索，多次用上我们强调过的词汇重现和指代衔接。这个部分，从新东方考研课上的知识应能帮你拿到满分！

原文来源：Martin Montgomery等人所著的Ways of Reading: Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature一书Unit 1。

41. C. If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On the ashemption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

解析：

C段中提到的words or idioms和meanings在41空前句重现。前句提到我们阅读时会试着”识别单词的意思和词与词之间的关系”（identifying meanings for individual words and workingout relationships between them）；C段开头承接此话题，提到如果不熟悉单词或习语的意思，我们则会去猜它们的含义（If you are unfamiliar with words or idoms, you guess at their meanings）。

C段中提到的guess以及clues presented in the context对应41空后句的infer a context for the text。C段提到我们会“基于上下文中的线索”（using clues presented in the context），对某些词或短语进行推测；41空后承接此话题，并用for instance具体举例描述我们如何对上下文进行推测。

42. E. You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity — inferences that from the basis of personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.

解析：

E段中的inferences在42空前两句均有重现（inference及infer）。42空两句提到阅读理解时我们会“主动参与推测、解决问题”（ACTive engagement in inference and problem-solving），会对作者文中留下的“证据和线索”（specific evidence and clues）进行信息的推测。E段承接此话题，并用for instance具体举例描述我们会对文章信息做怎样的推测。

E段最后提到，读者所做的推测构成了“读者自身经验反应的基础”（form the basis of a personal response），因此与作者所想说的必然不会完全一致；这很好地成为了下段首this way的指代对象，也对应了下段首提到的“每个读者的理解轨迹不一定完全相同”（comprehension will not follow exACTly the same track for each reader）。

43. R. Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interACTion between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organiSATion or pattering we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.

解析：

R段首的Rather很好地衔接了该段与43空前话题的转折，43空前句开头的not构成了“not…rather...”的“不是……而是……”结构。43空空前提到，阅读理解的问题不是读者“重获了一些绝对、固定或’真正’的涵义”（the retrieval of a absolute, fixed or ‘true’ meaning）。R段承接此观点，进一步提出在阅读理解时，读者是在“基于字面及上下文材料之间的互动”（interACTion between what we might call textual and contextual material）去理解文章的意义。

R段最后提到的various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude成为了下段首such background material的直接指代对象。

44. B. FACTors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

解析：

B段首的FACTors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class即是对44空前who we are的承接和细化。

B段中的interpretations在后句重现。B提到读者自身的的各种因素会“鼓励读者进行某些方向的解读、但同时模糊甚至封闭其他的可能”（encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others）；这很好地与后句观点“这并不意味着读者的解读是无关或无意义的（This doesn’t, however, make interpretations merely relative or even pointless）”构成了转折，后句首的however也有了基础。另外，后句首的this则可以回指B段的观点。

45. A. Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a give course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

解析

A段具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的以及阅读方式，这是对45空前句How we read a given text以及our particular interest in reading it的细化。

A段的信息也成为了45空后句such dimensions of reading（这些阅读的维度）的指代对象。

干扰段：

D. In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meaning or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones author intended.

解析：

D段有点像是放42空：reconstruct the likely meaning类似空前的infer information，author对应空前的writer。但是如果将D段放在42空，则无法承接出下段首句。D段末尾提到的读者能“推测出作者的意图”（These might be the ones author intended）与42空下段首提到的“每个读者的理解轨迹不一定完全相同”（comprehension will not follow exACTly the same track for each reader）是相反的。

F. In plays, novels and narrative poems, charACTers speak as constructs created the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.

解析：

F段所说的话题与每个空前后的信息都不太吻合。

  

    2015年考研英语一仔细阅读解析到此结束，其中，我们不难发现，很多考试知识点、考试作答技巧都是我们在新东方课堂上无数次强调过的，如果你在课堂上有充分的消化所说过的内容，相信要拿到自己心仪的分数不是问题！