选词填空

第一篇（梁茂林）

参考答案

36. N. saw 第一空显然缺少谓语，优先考虑动词，结合语义并根据Late November and December可以推出应选择过去式动词，故答案锁定saw.

37. F. decades 根据two，首选复数名词，结合语义，“ for the first time in the two decades”, 二十年来头一次。

38. H. globally 句子为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，所以首选副词和形容词，根据语义，ever表示“一直以来地、向来地”，“十一月向来是全球范围内最温暖的一个月。”

39. D. chances 缺少主语，并且谓语是are，所以首选复数形式的名词，结合前文Enjoy the snow now, “享受现在的雪吧”，因为“时机是好的”。

40. J. occurs 空格前方有主语，且是单数形式，而后面由when引导的时间状语从句的时态是一般现在时，所以主句谓语锁定第三人称单数形式的动词，只能选择occurs.

41. A. specific空格左为定冠词the，空格右为名词，中间只能选形容词，选择“特定的”符合语义。

42. B. associated 空格左为be动词，右边为介词with，中间只能是形容词或动词的过去分词形式，be associated with表示“与…有联系”，符合原意。

43. G. experiences 空格左为主语southern Africa，空格内应该为动词的第三人称单词形式，结合语义，选G，“南非经历着干燥的天气。

44. M. reduce 空格左为情态动词，空格内必须为动词原形，填reduce“减少”符合原题。

45. K. populations 空格与左边的large fish 共同构成动词support的宾语，只能选一个名词来作为名词词组，故选K，“大量的鱼群”。

选词填空原文(一)

For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold snap. Late November and December saw early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when—for the first time in two decades—record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception: November was the warmest ever globally, and the provisional data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth-hottest year on record.

Enjoy the snow now, because chances are good that 2014 will be even hotter—perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an El Niño year.

El Niño, Spanish for “the child”, occurs when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the specific energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. El Niño are associated with abnormally dry conditions in the Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa experiences dry weather. Marine life may be affected too: El Niño the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich water that supports large fish populations, and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral.

第二篇（任伟伟）

参考答案

36. [G] favorite. 本空前是表示从属关系的baby's, 空后是名词toy，本空需要形容词，结合上下文，'如果你用一块布遮住孩子们的玩具'， 锁定G选项。

37. [M] protest. 本空所在句子有A four-year-old 充当主语，空前是情态动词may，空后是that引导一个完整句子，所以本空需要填动词原形充当谓语，结合上下文，'一个四岁的孩子可能会XX他的姐姐有更多果汁，当只有杯子的形状不同，而不是果汁的XX', 锁定M选项，抗议。

38. [B] amount. 本句提到'一个四岁的孩子可能会XX他的姐姐有更多果汁，当只有杯子的形状不同，而不是果汁的XX'，锁定B选项，数量。

39. [O] theories. 本空所在句子大意为，'像小科学家们一样，孩子们总是测试他们关于事物的孩子式XX'，结合下文关于丢勺子的内容可以锁定O选项，理论。

40. [I] immediately. 空前是情态动词will，空后是动词原形test，本空需要副词，锁定I选项，立刻。

41. [D] crazy. 本空需要理解固定搭配drive sb. crazy, 意为'使人抓狂'，锁定D选项，疯狂。

42. [F] differences. 本空所在句子意思是，'他知道他的想法和你的可能不同，而且有时候那些XX很重要有时候他们又不重要'，空前是复数代词those指代前文的复数名词，所以只能填复数名词，锁定F选项，区别。

43. [J] naturally. 本空句子说'某科学家指出，孩子们的认知能力...', 空前是动词unfold，意为显露，而选项中没有合适的名词充当宾语，所以这个从句应该是主谓结构，因为本空需要副词，锁定J选项，天生地。

44. [L] primarily. 前文提到'某科学家指出，孩子们的认知能力天生具备，就像花的盛开，几乎独立于生活里其他XX',除开本空以外，剩余部分是完整句子what else is in their lives，因此本空需要副词，锁定L，主要地。

45. [N] rejected. 本句意思'尽管他的许多结论在多年来已经被XX或者修改，他的想法仍然激励了世界上的许多调查者的研究'，本空需要过去分词，排除强干扰选项confirmed，意为确认，与句子意思不符，锁定N选项，驳回。

第三篇（霍族龙）

参考答案：

36. J fundamentally 空后为形容词，空前为系动词is所以考虑副词，再结合语义选择fundamentally，译为完全不同、根本不同

37. G expands 从句部分缺少谓语，并且主语为信息社会，所以空中考虑填入动词单三形式，再结合语义，确定答案为expands

38. O superficial 空后为名词，空前有冠词a，所以空中一定为形容词形式，再结合But转折。最后锁定为O粗浅的、粗略的的分析，只是纯粹地基于数字。

39. K interpretation 空前是一个形容词且空后是谓语动词is，所以空中考虑填入名词作主语。锁定K选项，一个不同的解释。r /> 40. B acquired 空后有介词by，考虑过去分词，再结合意思，被使用者所获得的，答案确定为acquired

41. I flows 缺谓语成分，且主语为information，所以考虑动词三单。

42. F elements 空前是形容词，所以空中考虑名词。再结合前的数量three，所以选择名词复数形式，则答案确定为F elements

43. M regard with regard to固定搭配：关于

44. H familiar 空后有介词with，再结合语义锁定答案H：familiar with 熟悉

45. A accustomed 结合空后介词to，考虑词组：accustomed to习惯

信息匹配

第一套（王饶）

The Perfect Essay

46. I 该选项明确提到“She had no patience for brilliant but irrelevant figures of speech”。

47. C 该选项谈论的就是作者母亲对他过于得意的形象的批评，并且指出了他“看似完美”的文章中的很多缺陷 。

48. K 在该选项中指出，想要写出“没有缺陷”的文章很难，但是我们不能放弃“不断完善”的过程，不断地接近完美理想。

49. E 从该选项最后一句看出“I was not able to produce anything for three years”。

50. B 该选项说作者美梦成真（拿到了一个“完美”的评价），不过他说他只是slightly taken aback，也就是没什么吃惊的。

51. F 该选项明确提到“raise objections against another man’s speech, it is a very easy matter; but to produce a better in its place is a work extremely troublesome”。

52. A 该选项描述的就是作者敬佩其母亲，而其母亲正是其英文老师。

53. H 该选项中提到其母亲的批评“the type that changed me as a person”。

54. J 该选项提到“She trimmed back my flowery language”，最后“slowly my writing improved”。

55. G 该选项最后一句提到“Genuine criticism creates a precious opening for an author to become better on his own terms”。

第二套（王饶）

How to eat well

46. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.

答案：D

47. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.

答案：B

48. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.

答案：F

49. Cooking skills can be improved with prACTice.

答案：O

50. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.

答案：G.

51. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family

答案：E.

52. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.

答案：J.

53. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.

答案：M.

54. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.

答案：C.

55. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.

答案：H.

第三套（王饶）

Joy: A Subject Schools Lack

46. G 该选项第一句和第二句明确指出，“培养小孩子感受快乐的能力不难，只需要改变教育的思维模式就可以哒”。

47. D 从该选项的“The thing that sets children apart from adults is not… It’s their enormous capacity for joy”一句便可看出。

48. A 该选项先举例说“曾经爱尔兰对儿童很残忍”，最后指出“美国其实也差不多啦”。

49. F 从该选项中一句“Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy”便可以看出。

50. K 从该选项的第一句“Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine”便可看出哒。

51. H 从该选项最后一句便可看出。

52. C 该选项的一句“when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child…”证明其适合。

53. I 该选项指出，“学校的管理人员给教师施压，让他们给学生制定严格的规则和布置大量的作业”，所以可知他们觉得hard work是至关重要的。

54. B 该空很好找呀，所有选项只有一个B选项提到了effective schools，而且分析该选项，发现其整体也非常符合。

55. J 从该选项的第二句“Decades of research have…, kids need to want to learn”便可选出。

仔细阅读

第一套

本篇原文是美国著名程序员、风险投资家Paul Graham（保罗·格雷厄姆）于06年在自己的博客所写的一篇由硅谷发展引起的对如何投资和发展信息技术公司的思考的文章的节选。

原文地址http://www.paulgraham.com/siliconvalley.html

Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?

It wouldn’t be surprising if it were hard to reproduce in other countries, because you couldn’t reproduce it in most of the US either. What does it take to make a silicon valley?

It is the right people. If you could get the right ten thousand people to move from Silicon Valley to Buffalo, Buffalo would become Silicon Valley.

You only need two kinds of people to create a technology hub: rich people and nerds.

Observation bears this out: within the US, towns have become startup hubs if and only if they have both rich people and nerds. Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it’s full of rich people, it has few nerds. It’s not the kind of place nerds like.

Whereas Pittsburgh has the opposite problem: plenty of nerds, but no rich people. The top US Computer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But Carnegie-Mellon? The record skips at that point. Lower down the list, the University of Washington yielded a high-tech community in Seattle, and the University of Texas at Austin yielded one in Austin. But what happened in Pittsburgh? And in Ithaca, home of Cornell, which is also high on the list?

I GREw up in Pittsburgh and went to college at Cornell, so I can answer for both. The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there’s no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston. Rich people don’t want to live in Pittsburgh or Ithaca. So while there are plenty of hackers who could start startups, there’s no one to invest in them.

Do you really need the rich people? Wouldn’t it work to have the government invest in the nerds? No, it would not. Startup investors are a distinct type of rich people. They tend to have a lot of experience themselves in the technology business. This helps them pick the right startups, and means they can supply advice and connections as well as money. And the fACT that they have a personal stake in the outcome makes them really pay attention.

56.原文第一段第一句反问句“Could you reproduce Silicon Valley elsewhere, or is there something unique about it?”可得知答案选A——Its success is hard to copy anywhere else. 选项copy同义改写原文的reproduce。

57.由题干大写字母Miami定位到原文第五段“Few startups happen in Miami, for example, because although it’s full of rich people, it has few nerds. It’s not the kind of place nerds like.”由因果关系词because找到原因——这里既是有很多富裕的人，却几乎没有nerds（痴迷科研的人）。所以答案选B——Lack of the right kind of talents.

58，由题干大写字母Carnegie-Mellon, MIT, Stanford, Berkeley等定位到第六段，问CM和其他的是哪里有不同。“The top USComputer Science departments are said to be MIT, Stanford, Berkeley, and Carnegie-Mellon. MIT yielded Route 128. Stanford and Berkeley yielded Silicon Valley. But Carnegie-Mellon? The record skips at that point.”原文讲到了MIT, Stanford, Berkeley都yielded产生了很有名的science department，而Carnegie-Mellon呢？这个记录可以直接跳过忽略。言下之意就是CM没有出名的science department，所以答案选D——It does not pay much attention to business startups.

59题，由题干大写字母Boston定位到倒数第二段。定位句“The weather is terrible, particularly in winter, and there’s no interesting old city to make up for it, as there is in Boston”说到了Boston是一个无聊的老城市，而定位句的下一句“So while there are plenty of hackers who could start startups, there’s no one to invest in them”说到了这样的城市无法吸引投资。所以答案选C——It is not likely to attrACT lots of investors and nerds.

60题，由startup investors定位到最后一段。Startup investors不仅富有，他们一般都经验丰富，而且能给提供一些建议，所以答案选C——They can do more than providing money.

61. C——It may prevent your business and career from advancing.

62. B——Encourage people to disaGREe and argue.

63. C——To remove misunderstanding.

64. D——They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.

65. D——Acknowledge their contribution.

第二套

56.A——it is disappearing

57.B——Electronically

58.D——Spending money is so fast and easy

59.A——It represents a change in the modern world

60.D——He feels insecure in ever-changing modern world

这篇文章是发表在the Atlantic上的一篇新闻报道的节选段拼凑而成的，最后一段是出题人自己纂写的。原文地址http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/12/the-year-in-sleep/383990/

Everybody sleeps—so goes the Sesame Street song meant for obstinately awake children. That may be true, but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture.

Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time” starting on October 26.

Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays. One such spike was on New Year’s Eve, which Russians tend to ring in with unusual fervor, as well as on World War II Victory Day. According to another Jawbone finding, Russians have the world’s latest bedtime on December 31, hitting the hay at around 3:30 a.m.

Russians also got up an hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for coddling and celebrating female relatives.

Similarly, Americans’ late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps coincided with three-day weekends.

Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey final.

The World Cup was also a major sleep-deprivation culprit. The worst night for sleep in the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.

It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?

61题，定位到第一段最后一句“varies by culture”，所以答案选A——They are culture-related.

62题，由题干的大写名词Russian定位到第二段和第三段。第二段的“Russian, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day”这一句是干扰句，起得晚不一定睡得早，所以答案推不出“他们比其他地方的人睡得更久”。然后看到第三段“Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally coincided with public holidays”，所以答案为C——They don’t sleep much on holidays。

63题，题干问的是欧洲人缺乏睡眠的major cause主要原因是什么，由题干的大写名词Europeans’ loss定位到倒数第二段的“compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup”，原文的Germans, Italians, and the French就是题干中“Europeans”的同义改写，而他们stayed up就是为了to watch the Cup，所以说他们缺乏睡眠的原因便是C选项——The World Cup。

64题，问的是富有的人使用设备来记录他们的睡眠模式的原因。由rich people以及device定位到最后一段第一句，定位句只说到了记录的事实，而非其原因。按照四级阅读金三句原则看到定位句的下一句“And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person”，记录睡眠的人是想要得到比普通人更多的睡眠，所以答案是B——They want to get sufficient sleep.

65题，问的是作者在最后一段所表达的观点，定位到最后一句If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing? 作者提到了health-conscious，人们对健康的意识是缺乏的，对健康是视而不见的，所以答案选B——Few people really know the importance of sleep.

第三套

56 C It might have anegative effect on creative work.

57A They combine clock－based and task－based planning

58 D They tend to be more productive.

59 B It does not attach enough importance to task-based prACTice.

60 D A scientific standard should be adopted in a job evaluation.

61A Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.

62 B They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf

63C They are marginalized in society

64D A lot of them have negative effects on society

65B To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.

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