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African American drama has, until recently, been rooted in the mimetic
tradition of modern American naturalism. The most distinctive attribute of this
tradition is the mechanistic, materialistic conception of humanity. Naturalism
sees each individual as inextricably bound to the environment and depicts each
person as someone controlled by, instead of controlling, concrete reality. As
long as African American drama maintained naturalism as its dominant mode, it
could only express the “plight of African American people”. Its heroes might
declare the madness of reality, but reality inevitably triumphed over them.
The surrealistic plays of Adrienne Kennedy mark one of the first departures
from naturalism by an African American dramatist. The overall goal of her work
has been to depict the world of the soul and the spirit, not to mirror concrete
reality. Within this framework, Kennedy has been able to portray African
American minds and souls liberated from their connections to the external
environment.
1. Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
A. African American drama has been primarily influenced by naturalisms
emphasis on the materialistic.
B. African American drama has traditionally acknowledged the relationship
between the individual and the environment.
C. African American drama, traditionally naturalistic, has been little
influenced by dramatist Kennedy’s spiritual and psychological approach to
drama.
D. The work of Kennedy suggests a shift away from a commitment to strict
naturalism in African American drama.
E. The work of Kennedy best exemplifies the current interest of African
American artists in the spiritual and psychological worlds.
2. According to the passage, Kennedy is concerned with depicting the
A. internal rather than the external life of her charACTers
B. madness of reality rather than the effects of reality
C. effects of materialism on African American minds and souls
D. relationship between naturalism and the human spirit
E. effects that her charACTers have on the environment
3. Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the
authors ass**ion that Kennedy’s work marks a serious departure from the
tradition described in the first paragraph?
A. Kennedy places the ACTion in a real-life setting that is nev**heless
unfamiliar to the average viewer or reader.
B. Kennedy movingly portrays the lives and struggles of prominent African
Americans in the United States.
C. Kennedy uses charACTers found only in ancient African legends and
mythology.
D. Kennedy provides insights into American mimetic tradition and dramatic
convention.
E. Kennedy depicts the events in a style reminiscent of a television
documentary.
Passage 17
Early naturalists believed two species of beaver lived in North America:
dam beavers and bank beavers. The bank species was thought to resemble the
muskrat in behavior, living in burrows or lodges and unable to build dams. In
fACT, dams are primarily a strategy for dealing with annual variations in water
levels. If water levels fall in summer, as they do in most of North America,
then beavers lodge entrances may be exposed. With stabilized water levels, their
homes are much safer. Along deep rivers, where bank beavers are found, this
problem seldom arises. But these beavers do know how to build dams, and do so if
the need arises, as may occur if they are forced to relocate after felling and
consuming all nearby trees.
1. The passage provides support for which of the following statements about
beaver dams?
A. One important function of these dams is to protect beavers homes.
B. Most are built prior to burrow construction.
C. They are found mostly along deep rivers.
D. They are routinely abandoned as nearby forests are depleted.
E. They mainly protect beavers from rising water levels.
2. The passage implies which of the following about beavers?
A. Bank beavers are unable to successfully compete with dam beavers when
resources become scarce.
B. Differences in dam-building behavior among beavers do not necessarily
imply multiple beaver species.
C. Building dams eventually causes beavers to deplete nearby resources.
D. When conditions permit, beavers are more likely to build dams than
burrows or lodges.
E. In beavers, dam-building is an acquired rather than an innate skill.
Passage 139
Analyzing levels of proportional representation of American Indians in
state and local government jobs is important for several reasons. First, the
basic idea underlying the theory of representative bureaucracy is that the
demographic composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition
of the general public. This is because in addition to its symbolic value,
increased access to managerial position may lead to GREater responsiveness on
the part of policy makers to the policy interests of traditionally disadvantaged
groups such as American Indians. Second, the focus on higher level jobs in
bureaucracies (as opposed to non-managerial positions) is especially important
because managerial positions represent a major source of economic proGREss for
members of traditionally disadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good
salaries, benefits, status, security, and mobility. Third, it is important to
know if there has been growth in the American Indian share of more desirable
public sector positions over the last two decades. For instance, Peterson and
Duncan argue that the population and power of American Indians have been growing
in c**ain states. Peterson and Duncan also suggest that this growth may reflect
the possibility that American Indian population are becoming more ACTive in
nontraditional areas of politics, assimilating into mainstream culture, and
securing with GREater frequency leadership positions in non-tribal
government.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. summarize a demographic trend ov** time
B. present findings on a demographic group
C. analyze the demographic composition of a type of job
D. explain the need for particular social research
E. argue for the implementation of a social policy
2. Which of the following best describes the function of the highlighted
sentence in the context of the passage as whole?
A. It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the
preceding sentence.
B. It provides evidence that undermines that ass**ion made in the first
sentence.
C. It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned
earlier in the passage.
D. It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the
passage.
E. It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding
sentence.
3. The passage suggests which of the following regarding “access to
managerial positions” for disadvantaged groups?
A. This access is only significant when the percentage of disadvantaged
group members in managerial positions mirrors the percent of that group in the
general public.
B. This access is largely the result of policy decisions made response to
interest of those groups.
C. This access has meaning apart from any policy benefits it confer on
those groups.
D. This access often creates increased access to non-managerial position
for those groups.
E. The extent of this access tends to be similar across different
disadvantaged
groups.Passage 185
In Stanton the average number of people injured per automobile accident is
consistently higher for accidents involving a taxicab than for those not
involving a taxicab. Although all Stanton taxicabs are equipped with passenger
seat belts, taxicab drivers reporter that passengers tend not to use them. It is
likely, therefore, that if taxicab passengers were required to use seat belts,
the number of people injured per accident would soon be no higher for taxicabs
than for other automobiles.
Which of the following, if true about Stanton, most seriously weakens the
argument?
A. The number of automobile accidents has been declining in recent
years.
B. Since taxicabs are driven more miles annually than most other vehicles,
they are more likely to be in an accident during any given year than is the
average vehicle.
C. There are more taxicabs in operation, relative to the overall number of
motor vehicles, than there are in most cities of Stanton’s size.
D. The number of people, including the driver, who occupy a vehicle is
generally GREater for taxicabs than for other vehicles.
E. Not all passengers in automobiles other than taxicabs use seat
belts.
Passage 73
Jane Austen’ s relationship to Romanticism has long been a vexed one.
Although her dates (1775-1817) place her squarely within the period, she
traditionally has been studied apart from the male poets whose work defined
British Romanticism for most of the twentieth century. In the past her novels
were thought to follow an Augustan mode at odds with the Romantic ethos. Even
with the advent of historicist and feminist criticism, which challenged many
previous charACTerizations of Austen as detached from the major social,
political and aesthetic currents of her time, she continued to be distinguished
from her male contemporaries. Jerome McCann, for example, insists that Austen
does not espouse the Romantic ideology. Anne Mellor declares that Austen, along
with other “leading women intellectual and writers of the day” “did not”,
participate in the Romantic “spirit of the age” but instead embraced an
alternative ideology that Mellor labels “feminine Romanticism”.
To be sure, some critics throughout the years have argued for Austen’s
affinities with one or more of the male Romantic poets. A special issue of the
Wordsworth Circle (Autumn 1976)was devoted to exploring connections between
Austen and her male contemporaries. Clifford Siskin in his historicist study of
Romanticism argued that Austen does participate in the same major innovation,
the naturalization of belief in a developing self, as thatcharACTerized in
Wordsworth’s poetry and other key works from the period. Recently, three books
have appeared (by Clara Tuite, William Galperin, and William Deresiewicz) that
in various ways treat Austen as a Romantic writer and together signal a shift in
the tendency to seGREgate the major novelist of the age from the major
poets.
The present essay seeks to contribute to this goal of firmly integrating
Austen within the Romantic movement and canon. It does so by pointing out
affinities between Austen and a writer with whom she has not commonly been
associated, John Keats. Most comparisons of Austen and the Romantic poets have
focused on Wordsworth and Byron, whose works we know she read. Although Austen
could not have read Keats’ s poems, which only began to appear in print during
the last years of her life, and there is no evidence that Keats knew Austen’ s
novels, a number of important similarities can be noted in these writers’ works
that provide further evidence to link Austen with the Romantic movement,
especially the period of second-generation Romanticism when all of her novels
were published.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. reconcile two competing positions in an ongoing critical debate
B. develop a counterargument against a recent interpretation of a writer’s
work
C. provide support for a new approach to a writer’s work
D. illustrate the contradictions experienced by women writers during a
c**ain period
E. explain a writer’s detachment from the major intellectual currents of a
period
2. The author of the passage describes Austen’s relationship to Romanticism
as “vexed” mainly because
A. her novels do not follow the Augustan mode to the extent the poetry of
her contemporaries did
B. her views seem to be at odds with those of male writer whose works
defined British Romanticism
C. her novels were written during the Romantic period, yet she is not
treated as a Romantic writer
D. her novels are critical of the Romantic ideology, embracing instead an
alternative ideology sometimes described as “feminine Romanticism”
E. she achieved recognition for her novels, whereas the Romantic era is
better know for its poetry
3. According to to the passage, compared to critics trained in “historicist
and feminist criticism” (highlighted)earlier critics of Austen were
A. more likely to represent her as isolated from the major intellectual
currents of her period
B. more likely to represent her as departing from Augustan modes of
thought
C. more likely to find connections between her novels and Romantic
poetry
D. less likely to neglect the influence of Romantic ideology on her workE.
less likely to notice affinities between Austen and her female counterparts
E. less likely to notice affinities between Austen and her female
counterparts
4. The author of the passage would be most likely to aGREe with which of
the following statements about the concept of “feminine
Romanticism”(highlighted)?
A. It bought about Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by implying
that Austen embraced relatively few elements of the Romantic ideology.
B. It contributes to Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by keeping
her separate from the male writers whose poetry is central to the period.
C. It ameliorates Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by
emphasizing affinities between he and other leading women intellectuals of the
day.
D. It ameliorates Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by capturing
the notion of an alternative Romantic ideology that she espoused.
E. It resolves Austen’ s vexed relationship to Romanticism by demonstrating
her affinity with Romantic ideology.
Section:VERBAL- Reading Comprehension
Pool Number:
Passage71
African American drama has, until recently, beenrooted in the mimetic
tradition of modern American naturalism. The most distinctive attribute of
thistradition is the mechanistic,materialistic conception of humanity.
Naturalism sees each individual as inextricably bound to theenvironment and
depicts each person assomeone controlled by, instead of controlling, concrete
reality. As long as African American drama maintainednaturalism as its dominant
mode, it could only express the “plight of African American people”. Its
heroesmight declare the madness of reality,but reality inevitably triumphed over
them.
The surrealistic plays of Adrienne Kennedy markone of the first departures
from naturalism by an African American dramatist. The overall goal of herwork
has been to depict the world of thesoul and the spirit, not to mirror concrete
reality. Within this framework, Kennedy has been able to portray African
American minds and souls liberated from theirconnections to the external
environment.
1.Which of the following best states the central idea of the passage?
A. African American drama has been primarilyinfluenced by naturalisms
emphasis onthe materialistic.
B. African American drama has traditionallyacknowledged the relationship
betweenthe individual and the environment.
C. African American drama, traditionallynaturalistic, has been little
influencedby dramatist Kennedy’s spiritual and psychological approach to
drama.
D. The work of Kennedy suggests a shift awayfrom a commitment to strict
naturalismin African American drama.
E. The work of Kennedy best exemplifies thecurrent interest of African
Americanartists in the spiritual and psychological worlds.
2.According to the passage, Kennedy is concerned with depicting the
A. internal rather than the external life of hercharACTers
B. madness of reality rather than the effectsof reality
C. effects of materialism on African Americanminds and souls
D. relationship between naturalism and the humanspirit
E. effects that her charACTers have on theenvironment
3.Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the
authors ass**ion thatKennedy’s work marks a serious departurefrom the tradition
described in the first paragraph?
A. Kennedy places the ACTion in a real-lifesetting that is nev**heless
unfamiliarto the average viewer or reader.
B. Kennedy movingly portrays the lives andstruggles of prominent African
Americansin the United States.
C. Kennedy uses charACTers found only in ancientAfrican legends and
mythology.
D. Kennedy provides insights into Americanmimetic tradition and dramatic
convention.
E. Kennedy depicts the events in a stylereminiscent of a television
documentary.
Analysis
答案:DAC
文科类,文学评论。以AK为代表的戏剧偏离了惯常非裔美国人的戏剧的做法,不再去描写自然,外在的东西,更强调精神层面的表现。GRE惯常阅读题材。第一,二题很简单,第三题为逻辑题思路,需要削弱,攻击原文逻辑链。
Pool Number:
Passage17
Earlynaturalists believed two species of beaver lived in North America: dam
beavers and bank beavers. The bankspecies was thought to resemble themuskrat in
behavior, living in burrows or lodges and unable to build dams. In fACT, dams
areprimarily a strategy for dealing withannual variations in water levels. If
water levels fall in summer, as they do in most of North America, thenbeavers
lodge entrances may be exposed.With stabilized water levels, their homes are
much safer. Along deep rivers, where bank beavers are found, thisproblem seldom
arises. But these beaversdo know how to build dams, and do so if the need
arises, as may occur if they are forced to relocate after fellingand consuming
all nearby trees.
1.The passage provides support for whichof the following statements about
beaver dams?
A.One important function of these dams is to protect beavers homes.
B.Most are built prior to burrow construction.
C.They are found mostly along deep rivers.
D.They are routinely abandoned as nearby forests are depleted.
E.They mainly protect beavers from rising water levels.
2.The passage implies which of the followingabout beavers?
A.Bank beavers are unable to successfully compete with dam beavers when
resources become scarce.
B.Differences in dam-building behavior among beavers do not necessarily
imply multiple beaver species.
C.Building dams eventually causes beavers to deplete nearby resources.
D.When conditions permit, beavers are more likely to build dams than
burrows or lodges.
E.In beavers, dam-building is an acquired rather than an innate skill.
Analysis
答案:AB
生物学话题,讲海狸建坝。新老观点对比型文章。细节题与推断题。生物学话题还容易考到食物链,多种动物同时登场,注意各种动物之间的关系。注意第二题中的notnecessarily
的意思不是“不必要”,而是“不一定”,许多同学理解有误。注意纠正。
PoolNumber:
Passage73
Jane Austen’ s relationship to Romanticism haslong been a vexed one.
Although her dates (1775-1817) place her squarely within the period,
shetraditionally has been studied apartfrom the male poets whose work defined
British Romanticism for most of the twentieth century. In thepast her novels
were thought to followan Augustan mode at odds with the Romantic ethos. Even
with the advent of historicist and feminist criticism, whichchallenged many
previouscharACTerizations of Austen as detached from the major social, political
and aesthetic currents of her time,she continued to be distinguished fromher
male contemporaries. Jerome McCann, for example, insists that Austen does not
espouse theRomantic ideology. Anne Mellor declaresthat Austen, along with other
“leading women intellectual and writers of the day” “did not”, participate inthe
Romantic “spirit of the age” butinstead embraced an alternative ideology that
Mellor labels “feminine Romanticism”.
Tobe sure, some critics throughout theyears have argued for Austen’s
affinities with one or more of the male Romantic poets. A specialissue of the
Wordsworth Circle (Autumn1976) was devoted to exploring connections between
Austen and her male contemporaries. Clifford Siskin in hishistoricist study of
Romanticism arguedthat Austen does participate in the same major innovation, the
naturalization of belief in a developingself, as that charACTerized in
Wordsworth’s poetry and other key works from the period. Recently,three books
have appeared (by ClaraTuite, William Galperin, and William Deresiewicz) that in
various ways treat Austen as a Romantic writerand together signal a shift in
thetendency to seGREgate the major novelist of the age from the major poets.
Thepresent essay seeks to contribute tothis goal of firmly integrating
Austen within the Romantic movement and canon. It does so bypointing out
affinities between Austenand a writer with whom she has not commonly been
associated, John Keats. Most comparisons of Austen and theRomantic poets have
focused on Wordsworth and Byron, whose works we know she read. Although
Austencould not have read Keats’ s poems,which only began to appear in print
during the last years of her life, and there is no evidencethat Keats knew
Austen’ s novels, anumber of important similarities can be noted in these
writers’ works that provide further evidence to link Austen withthe Romantic
movement, especially theperiod of second-generation Romanticism when all of her
novels were published.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.reconcile two competing positions in anongoing critical debate
B.develop a counterargument against arecent interpretation of a writer’s
work
C.provide support for a new approach to awriter’s work
D.illustrate the contradictionsexperienced by women writers during a c**ain
period
E.explain a writer’s detachment from themajor intellectual currents of a
period
2.The author of the passage describesAusten’s relationship to Romanticism
as “vexed” mainly because
A.her novels do not follow the Augustanmode to the extent the poetry of her
contemporaries did
B.her views seem to be at odds with thoseof male writer whose works defined
British Romanticism
C.her novels were written during theRomantic period, yet she is not treated
as a Romantic writer
D.her novels are critical of the Romanticideology, embracing instead an
alternative ideology sometimes described as “feminine Romanticism”
E.she achieved recognition for her novels,whereas the Romantic era is
better know for its poetry
3. According to to the passage, compared tocritics trained in “historicist
and feminist criticism” (highlighted)earlier critics of Austen were
A.more likely to represent her as isolatedfrom the major intellectual
currents of her period
B.more likely to represent her asdeparting from Augustan modes of
thought
C.more likely to find connections betweenher novels and Romantic poetry
D.less likely to neglect the influence ofRomantic ideology on her work
E.less likely to notice affinities betweenAusten and her female
counterparts
4.The author of the passage would be mostlikely to aGREe with which of the
following statements about the concept of “feminine
Romanticism”(highlighted)?
A.It bought about Austen’ s vexedrelationship to Romanticism by implying
that Austen embraced relatively few elements of theRomantic ideology.
B.It contributes to Austen’ s vexedrelationship to Romanticism by keeping
her separate from the male writers whose poetry is central tothe period.
C.It ameliorates Austen’ s vexedrelationship to Romanticism by emphasizing
affinities between he and other leading women intellectuals ofthe day.
D.It ameliorates Austen’ s vexedrelationship to Romanticism by capturing
the notion of an alternative Romantic ideology that sheespoused.
E.It resolves Austen’ s vexed relationshipto Romanticism by demonstrating
her affinity with Romantic ideology.
Analysis
答案:CCAB
文学评论。简奥斯汀的浪漫主义与男性诗人的浪漫主义的不同。文章长句较多,题干选项长度均较长,难度比较大。文科文章一定要搞清楚作者态度,把握好隐线,留意态度词,联系上课讲过的内容,化抽象为具体,用中文总结每段主旨。
Pool Number:
Passage 139
Analyzinglevels of proportional representation ofAmerican Indians in state
and local government jobs is important for several reasons. First, the basic
ideaunderlying the theory of representativebureaucracy is that the demographic
composition of bureaucracy should mirror the demographic composition ofthe
general public. This is because inaddition to its symbolic value, increased
access to managerial position may lead to GREater responsivenesson the part of
policy makers to thepolicy interests of traditionally disadvantaged groups such
as American Indians. Second, the focus on higher leveljobs in bureaucracies (as
opposed tonon-managerial positions) is especially important because managerial
positions represent a major source of economicproGREss for members of
traditionallydisadvantaged groups, as these jobs confer good salaries, benefits,
status, security, and mobility.Third, it is important to know if therehas been
growth in the American Indian share of more desirable public sector positions
over the last two decades.For instance, Peterson and Duncan arguethat the
population and power of American Indians have been growing in c**ain states.
Peterson and Duncan alsosuggest that this growth may reflect thepossibility that
American Indian population are becoming more ACTive in nontraditional areas of
politics,assimilating into mainstream culture,and securing with GREater
frequency leadership positions in non-tribal government.
1.The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.summarize a demographic trend ov** time
B.present findings on a demographic group
C.analyze the demographic composition of a type of job
D.explain the need for particular social research
E.argue for the implementation of a social policy
2.Which of the following best describesthe function of the highlighted
sentence in the context of the passage as whole?
A.It hypothesizes a phenomenon that might explain a point made in the
preceding sentence.
B.It provides evidence that undermines that ass**ion made in the first
sentence.
C.It offers a projection regarding the development of a trend mentioned
earlier in the passage.
D.It presents an interpretation of a discrepancy noted earlier in the
passage.
E.It proposed an implementation of a policy mentioned in the preceding
sentence.
3.The passage suggests which of thefollowing regarding “access to
managerial positions” for disadvantaged groups?
A.This access is only significant when the percentage of disadvantaged
group members in managerial positionsmirrors the percent of that group in
thegeneral public.
B.This access is largely the result of policy decisions made response to
interest of those groups.
C.This access has meaning apart from any policy benefits it confer on those
groups.
D.This access often creates increased access to non-managerial position for
those groups.
E.The extent of this access tends to be similar across different
disadvantaged groups.
Analysis
答案:DCC
社会科学,讲研究美国印第安人从事州或者政府部门工作的重要性。文章结构非常清晰,主要从三个方面来讲重要性。考察到了主旨题,举例目的题和推断题。推断题出自第二个点,注意上下文定位与理解。
PoolNumber:
Passage185
InStanton the average number of peopleinjured per automobile accident is
consistently higher for accidents involving a taxicab than for those not
involving a taxicab. Although all Stanton taxicabs areequipped with passenger
seat belts,taxicab drivers reporter that passengers tend not to use them. It is
likely, therefore, that if taxicab passengerswere required to use seat belts,
thenumber of people injured per accident would soon be no higher for taxicabs
than for other automobiles.
Which of the following, if true about Stanton, mostseriously weakens the
argument?
A.The number of automobile accidents hasbeen declining in recent years.
B.Since taxicabs are driven more milesannually than most other vehicles,
they are more likely to be in an accident during any given yearthan is the
average vehicle.
C.There are more taxicabs in operation,relative to the overall number of
motor vehicles, than there are in most cities of Stanton’s size.
D.The number of people, including thedriver, who occupy a vehicle is
generally GREater for taxicabs than for other vehicles.
E.Not all passengers in automobiles oth**han taxicabs use seat belts.
Analysis
答案:D
逻辑单题,这是个削弱题。交通事故平均更多是与taxi有关,而大部分乘客是不系安全带的。现在如果系了安全带,taxi引起的出事率也不一定比其他交通事故的出事率低,因为开taxi或者乘坐taxi的人数基数就比乘坐其他交通方式的人数多。
RECAP
此次考试题库中所中机经题库文章两篇篇为文学评论,重理论对比,一长一短,长文章难度不小。一篇为理科,较为浅显但要细心。还中了一篇逻辑单题,为高频题型削弱题。需要大家熟练掌握课堂中讲过的三重境界,化整为零,条件反射,加之勤于练习,方可以不变应万变。
延伸阅读:
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