2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：定语从句

　　导读：定语从句(也称关系从句、形容词性从句)，一个句子跟在一名词或代词(先行词)后进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。通俗来讲，从句在整个句子中做定语，这个从句就叫做定语从句。从句在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况，它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。在此，长沙新东方整理分享了2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：定语从句，以供学习与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　【考点扫描】

　　中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：

　　1.定语从句的功用和结构

　　2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

　　3.各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

　　考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。

　　一. 定语从句的功用和结构

　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：

　　This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.

　　Do you know everybody who came to the party?

　　I still remember the night when I first came to the village?

　　This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.

　　二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用

　　关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。

　　1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：

　　I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

　　The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

　　2. 作宾语：

　　She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

　　The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The GREat Escape”.

　　3. 作定语

　　关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：

　　What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?

　　The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

　　4. 作状语

　　I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

　　This is the house where I was born.

　　三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

　　1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：

　　The person who broke the window must pay for it.

　　The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

　　2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：

　　Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

　　Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

　　3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：

　　The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.

　　I know the boy whose father is a professor.

　　4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：

　　A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

　　Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

　　5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

　　I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

　　Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?

　　延伸阅读：

　　2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：冠词

　　2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：形容词和副词

　　2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：动词的时态

　　2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：介词

　　2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：名词

　　2019长沙初一英语语法重点梳理：宾语从句