2018长沙三年级英语语法知识点：比较
导读：比较级就是将二者进行比较产生的词形，是由形容词原级转化而来，一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化，比如good—better，bad—worse，有很多。相对二者的比较，还有三者及以上的比较，这时就产生了最高级。在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。
1. 比较分三种: 一原级;二比较级;三最高级;
2. 比较级和最高级的构成：
(1) 规则变化:
(A) 单音节和双音节字在字尾加-er和-est。
原级 比较级 最高级
small smaller smallest
wise wiser wisest
dry drier driest
hot hotter hottest
后三组注意加-er和-est的变化。
(A) 三音节以上的字和部分两音节以上的字, 在原级前面加more和most。
原级 比较级 最高级
useful more useful most useful
diligent more diligent most diligent
(2) 不规则变化:
good(好的)和well(健康的)的比较级都是better; 最高级都是best;
bad(坏的)和ill(生病的)的比较级都是worse; 最高级都是worst;
many(很多的)和much(作形容词是大量的; 作副词是非常地)比较级都是more; 最高级都是most;
little(作形容词是小的; 作副词是一点地)有两个比较级是little, smaller less; 两最高级是littlest, smallest least;
far(作副词是远地)的两个比较级是farther(更远, 表距离), further(更进步, 表程度); 两个最高级是farthest, furthest;
old的两个比较级是older(表年龄或新旧), elder(表长幼顺序); 两个最高级是oldest, eldest;
late的两个比较级是later(表时间), latter(表顺序); 两个最高级是latest(最近的), last(最后的);
3. 比较的方式:
(1) 相等比较: ...as + 原级 + as... 和 ...as + 原级 + 名词 + as...;
William is as poor as John. ( = William's poverty is equal to John's.)
She has as much money as I (have).
(2) 劣等比较: ...less + 原级 + than...( = not so or as + 原级 + as...;)
She is less careful than her. = She is not so (or as) careful as her.
(3) 优等比较: ...比较级 + than... 和 ...the + 比较级 + of the two;
He is more careful than her.
Jim is the more stupid of the two boys.
4. 最高级的表达方式:
(1) 优等比较: (最…)
...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)
...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场所(单数)
A giraffe is the tallest of (or among) all animals.
A giraffe is the tallest in the animal kingdom.
(2) 劣等比较: (最不…)
...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)
...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场合(单数)
Grammar is the least interesting of (or among) all the subjects.
Jack is the least diligent boy in his class.
(3) 其他表示最高级的方式:
(A) 用原级表示最高级。
He is as happy as he can be. = He is happiest.
(B) "比较级 + than any other + 单数名词"表示最高级。
This is more difficult than any other book here.
= This is the most difficult of all the books here.
(C) 否定的比较级表示最高级。
Nothing can be simpler than this. = This is the simplest thing of all.
(D) 叙述用法的最高级形容词。
Summer is hottest in July. She was happiest when she was young.
1. 不用than的比较:
(1) than的省略:
Never before did he work harder (than now).
(2) 作限定用法的形容词, 常接代名词one.
I want a better job.
Bring me a smaller one.
(3) 作叙述用法的形容词.
He is better now.
It is warmer this morning.
(4) 接if子句的比较级.
You will understand it easier if you consult the dictionary.
(5) 只作限定用法的形容词比较级, 如: inner, outer, upper, former, latter, utter, elder, etc.
The plan was an utter failure.
My brother will come back from America in the latter part of the year.
(6) 比较级 + and + 比较级"越来...越"
He became more and more eloquent towards the end of his speech.
(7) 由拉丁文而来的比较级(接to不接than).
He is junior to me. (to之后接受格)和 He is younger than I. (than之后接主格)
其它的例子如下:
senior(= older)和junior(= younger); superior(= better)和inferior(= worse); major(= more)和minor(= less); prior(= before)和prefer(= like better);
(1) prefer + (动)名词 + to + (动)名词= prefer to + 原形… rather than + 原形
I prefer reading to talking. = I prefer to read rather than talk.
(2) The + 比较级…, the + 比较级… "越…, 越…"
The more I read, the more intensely interested I became.
The more he has, the more he wants.
第一个the是关系副词, 引导副词子句, 修饰第二个the(指示副词).(红色修饰黑色)
The happier a human being is, the longer he lives.
在句意明确时, 常以省略句的形式出现.
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
延伸阅读
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导读：比较级就是将二者进行比较产生的词形，是由形容词原级转化而来，一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化，比如good—better，bad—worse，有很多。相对二者的比较，还有三者及以上的比较，这时就产生了最高级。在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词：在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。
1. 比较分三种: 一原级;二比较级;三最高级;
2. 比较级和最高级的构成：
(1) 规则变化:
(A) 单音节和双音节字在字尾加-er和-est。
原级 比较级 最高级
small smaller smallest
wise wiser wisest
dry drier driest
hot hotter hottest
后三组注意加-er和-est的变化。
(A) 三音节以上的字和部分两音节以上的字, 在原级前面加more和most。
原级 比较级 最高级
useful more useful most useful
diligent more diligent most diligent
(2) 不规则变化:
good(好的)和well(健康的)的比较级都是better; 最高级都是best;
bad(坏的)和ill(生病的)的比较级都是worse; 最高级都是worst;
many(很多的)和much(作形容词是大量的; 作副词是非常地)比较级都是more; 最高级都是most;
little(作形容词是小的; 作副词是一点地)有两个比较级是little, smaller less; 两最高级是littlest, smallest least;
far(作副词是远地)的两个比较级是farther(更远, 表距离), further(更进步, 表程度); 两个最高级是farthest, furthest;
old的两个比较级是older(表年龄或新旧), elder(表长幼顺序); 两个最高级是oldest, eldest;
late的两个比较级是later(表时间), latter(表顺序); 两个最高级是latest(最近的), last(最后的);
3. 比较的方式:
(1) 相等比较: ...as + 原级 + as... 和 ...as + 原级 + 名词 + as...;
William is as poor as John. ( = William's poverty is equal to John's.)
She has as much money as I (have).
(2) 劣等比较: ...less + 原级 + than...( = not so or as + 原级 + as...;)
She is less careful than her. = She is not so (or as) careful as her.
(3) 优等比较: ...比较级 + than... 和 ...the + 比较级 + of the two;
He is more careful than her.
Jim is the more stupid of the two boys.
4. 最高级的表达方式:
(1) 优等比较: (最…)
...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)
...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场所(单数)
A giraffe is the tallest of (or among) all animals.
A giraffe is the tallest in the animal kingdom.
(2) 劣等比较: (最不…)
...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)
...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场合(单数)
Grammar is the least interesting of (or among) all the subjects.
Jack is the least diligent boy in his class.
(3) 其他表示最高级的方式:
(A) 用原级表示最高级。
He is as happy as he can be. = He is happiest.
(B) "比较级 + than any other + 单数名词"表示最高级。
This is more difficult than any other book here.
= This is the most difficult of all the books here.
(C) 否定的比较级表示最高级。
Nothing can be simpler than this. = This is the simplest thing of all.
(D) 叙述用法的最高级形容词。
Summer is hottest in July. She was happiest when she was young.
1. 不用than的比较:
(1) than的省略:
Never before did he work harder (than now).
(2) 作限定用法的形容词, 常接代名词one.
I want a better job.
Bring me a smaller one.
(3) 作叙述用法的形容词.
He is better now.
It is warmer this morning.
(4) 接if子句的比较级.
You will understand it easier if you consult the dictionary.
(5) 只作限定用法的形容词比较级, 如: inner, outer, upper, former, latter, utter, elder, etc.
The plan was an utter failure.
My brother will come back from America in the latter part of the year.
(6) 比较级 + and + 比较级"越来...越"
He became more and more eloquent towards the end of his speech.
(7) 由拉丁文而来的比较级(接to不接than).
He is junior to me. (to之后接受格)和 He is younger than I. (than之后接主格)
其它的例子如下:
senior(= older)和junior(= younger); superior(= better)和inferior(= worse); major(= more)和minor(= less); prior(= before)和prefer(= like better);
(1) prefer + (动)名词 + to + (动)名词= prefer to + 原形… rather than + 原形
I prefer reading to talking. = I prefer to read rather than talk.
(2) The + 比较级…, the + 比较级… "越…, 越…"
The more I read, the more intensely interested I became.
The more he has, the more he wants.
第一个the是关系副词, 引导副词子句, 修饰第二个the(指示副词).(红色修饰黑色)
The happier a human being is, the longer he lives.
在句意明确时, 常以省略句的形式出现.
The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).
延伸阅读
长沙天心区师大附中双语实验学校...
长沙天心区师大附中双语实验学校...
