导读：动词ing形式是非谓语动词的一种,非谓语动词都有自己的时态,如to do 的完成时态：to have done.having done是现在分词doing的完成时态,可以做状语,当该动词先于主句的谓语动词之前发生时,选择having done的形式.如：Having finished his homework,he went out to play football.

　　动词的-ing形式可以作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首;作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。

　　1.表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。

　　Seeing those pictures, she remembered her childhood.看到那些画，她想起了自己的童年。(= When she saw those pictures...)

　　Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(= After we have made full preparation...)

　　2.表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

　　Not knowing his address, I can't send this book to him.因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。(= As I don't know his address...)

　　Being ill, he didn't go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(= Since he was ill...)

　　3.表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。

　　His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲死了，留给他许多钱。(= ... and left him a lot of money)

　　She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.她非常生气，把玩具扔在地上，摔成了碎片。(= ... and broke it into pieces...)

　　4.表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。

　　Going straight down the road, you will find the department store.顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。(= If you go straight down the road...)

　　Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。(= If you work hard at your lessons...)

　　5.表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。

　　Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。(= Although they knew all this...)

　　Working hard as he did, he was still unable to earn enough money to buy a car.他虽然努力地干，但仍然挣不够买车的钱。(= Though he worked hard as he did...)

　　6.表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。

　　He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。(= ...and stared at the sky for a long time)

　　She came into the house, carrying a lot of books.她捧着许多书走进了房间。(= ...and carried a lot of books)

　　延伸阅读：

　　2019高考英语专项大作战

　　2019高考英语语法：动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语

　　2019高考英语语法：动词的-ed形式的特征

　　2019高考英语语法：动词的-ed形式作表语

　　2019高考英语语法：动词的-ed形式作宾语补足语

　　2019高考英语语法：动词的-ed形式作定语

　　2019高考英语语法：动词的-ed其他表示用法

　　2019高考英语语法：非谓语动词独立主格结构