2019高考英语语法：动词独立主格结构

2018-08-29 来源：网络整理作者：长晓球

　导读：“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格结构中的“逻辑主语+动词-ing形式”的一种形式。在这种结构中，being往往可以被省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为无动词“独立主格结构”。以下是高考英语语法中动词独立主格结构这一块知识点的整理，供同学们复习。

　　动词独立主格结构

　　A.逻辑主语+名词

　　Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.

　　十个学生报名参加了这次竞赛，年纪最小的是个12岁的男孩。(the youngest和a boy of 12之间省去了being)

　　注意：

　　独立主格结构中的being在下列两种情况下一般不能省略，一是在"There being +名词"结构中，二是在逻辑主语是代词的情况下。

　　There being no bus, we had to walk home.由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。

　　It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 因为是星期日，所有办公室都关门。

　　B.逻辑主语+形容词

　　He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.

　　他睡眼惺忪地转向我。(his eyes和sleepy之间省去了being)

　　= He turned to me, and his eyes were sleepy.

　　He stood there, his mouth wide open.

　　他站在那里，嘴张得大大的。(his mouth和wide open之间省去了being)

　　= He stood there, and his mouth was wide open.

　　C.逻辑主语+副词

　　School over, we all went home.

　　放学了，我们都回家了。(school和over之间省去了being)

　　= School was over, and we all went home.

　　He sat at his desk, his shoes off.

　　他坐在课桌旁，没穿鞋子。(his shoes和off之间省去了being)

　　= He sat at his desk and his shoes were off.

　　D.逻辑主语+介词短语

　　He is standing in front of the blackboard, his back towards us.

　　他站在黑板面前，背对着我们。

　　= He was standing in front of the blackboard, and his back was towards us.

　　The new teacher came in, a smile on her face.

　　新老师面带微笑走了进来。

　　= The new teacher came in and she had a smile on her face.

　　The teacher came into the classroom，a rule in his hand.

　　老师走进教室，手里拿着一把直尺。

　　= The teacher came in and a ruler was in his hand.

　　提示：

　　在"逻辑主语+介词短语"构成的独立主格结构里，如果名词用单数，可以不用冠词，同时介词短语里的限定词也可省略。

　　The music teacher stood at the door, violin in hand.

　　音乐老师站在门口,手里拿着一把小提琴。(= The music teacher stood at the door, a violin in his hand.)

　　延伸阅读：

　　2019高考英语语法：-ed形式“独立主格结构”