Ⅰ【常见列举用转折词语】

　　1) for one thing, for another, above all things;

　　2) to begin/start with, next/besides/moreover, last/finally;

　　3) in the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all;

　　4) one of these, another,(there is) still another(reason/fACTor);

　　5) first of all, second, third, in short/in sum.

　　Ⅱ【常见对比转折词语】

　　1) but, but on the contrary, but on the other hand, but then;

　　2) by contrast, in contrast, in contrast with/to, as a contrast to, as opposed to;

　　3) by contraries, on the contrary, to the contrary, contrary to (A), opposite to, in opposition to;

　　4) whereas, while, while on the other hand, while on the whole, yet, however;

　　5) (as) compared with/to, by comparison, in comparison with, by comparison to.

　　6) First..., Next..., Last...;

　　7) In the first/early/initial/infant period/stage/phase(或In its infancy) ..., In the second/middle/adult/ripe period/stage/phase..., In the third/last/closing/later/concluding period...;

　　8) One step (way/course/approach/secret/trick)..., Another step..., Still another step...;

　　9) The first measure/step/move..., Next to it comes..., And the last/final/the most important measure...;

　　10) The direct experience/lesson/fACTor/way(或One lesson)...The indirect experience/lesson/fACTor/way(或The other lesson)...

　　Ⅲ【常见对比转折词语】

　　1) But the obvious(fatal/serious) flaw (defect/drawback) in their argument (attitude/idea/view/ACTion/behavior) is that.../But the basic (main/GREat/key/ big) problem with their argument (...) is that...

　　(e.g. ...that they are ignorant of (blind to) a bare fACT: Social changes have attached new meanings and values to the division between good and bad.)

　　2) But if...it is (not) easy (difficult/hard) to see (find/discover) that ...

　　(e.g. But if they adjust their frame of mind a little in the other direction , it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.)

　　3) Too much emphasis (attention/stress/concern/significance) placed on (given to/focused on/attached to/paid to) the negative (sunny/gloomy/bright) side of the issue, however, may...(如mislead/confuse/cloud/bias/disturb our judgment of it.)A

　　(e.g. ..., however, may mislead us to form a pessimistic estimate of current situations.或..., however, may stop us from rendering (passing/forming/having) a fair(correct/clear/infallible/wise)judgment on it.)

　　4) But in most cases/from the point of view of justice (objectivity)/as a matter of fACT/in a very true sense, their (public/general) SATisfACTion (disSATisfACTion/disillusionment/concern) with...(或their criticism of.../their argument for/against.../their objection to.../their approval for...) can not.../is..., for...

　　(e.g. But in an impartial sense, the public disSATisfACTion can not hold every water, for our society is still abundant in goodness and beauty.)

　　5) As a result of..., however, things would/are bound to...

　　(e.g. As a result of such an utter indifference to vicious behavior, however , things would be past saving/mending/all the hope.)

　　Ⅳ【常见情景/参照物设定的词语或结构】

　　1) when, if, the other day in a certain place, suppose/imagine/assume (that...), in (the) course/time of...for instance, in the event of

　　2) in the case of, as for/to, as far as...is/are concerned, The same is t rue of..., when compared with, in comparison with, by comparison 3) If there is anything that comes close to/is comparable to/with...,...t here is hardly, a thing that compares favorable with/can rival...