顺序关系
顺序关系,体现多条信息在流程上的先后衔接,多见于流程图题和提纲填空题。要点在于原文中通过典型连词,引出下一个环节、步骤或程序等。其中,与题干表述对应的顺序点,往往就是答案句所在位置。
考生应熟练听辨此类连接词,听题过程中一旦出现,马上做好准备,捕捉其后的答案信息。顺序关系连词种类繁杂,但可从三方面进行总结:
1. 引入部分:first系列 (firstly, in the first place, at first, the first
step),start, begin, initially, originally…
2. 中间部分:second系列,then, next, after that, afterwards, going back to, on top
of that, when…is completed, when you finish…
3. 结尾部分:third系列,finally, lastly, end with, close…
例题:
Start with information that makes the audience 32. _______
End with 33. _______ (题目来源:OG, T2, P176)
原文:
Q32: Right at the beginning, you should tell them something that forces
them to pay attention.
Q33: After this you should summarize what you've presented and close with
what I called ‘next steps’.
解析: 本题的解题关键是对应题干与原文中的顺序关系连词,并以此抓取答案句,识别答案信息。考生可在答题过程中先识别题干中的顺序关系表达start
with,听题时同原文中的at the beginning对应,引出答案pay attention; 识别题干中end with, 听题时同close
with对应,引出答案next step。
因果关系
因果关系,体现对某个事件的归因,或对某个意群的总结。要点在于通过因果关系连词,对上文描述进行原因归纳或给出结论,最终形成的归纳或结论就是答案句。
常见因果关系类的连词可分为“原因”和“结论”两大类:
1“原因”类连接词
具体包括:because, due to, for, by, the main reason is that…, is caused by…
例题:
Application processing may be slowed down by
postal problems
delays in sending 13. _______ (题目来源:Cambridge 5, T3, P57)
原文:… but most often the hold-up is caused by references—the people you give
as referees…
解析: 首先,考生需要明确题干中的by表明此题需听辨事件的原因。之后,再通过原文中引导原因的连词caused by带出答案reference。
2“结论”类连接词
具体包括: So, that means, which means that, what I mean…
例题:
General level of English: 4. _______ (题目来源:Cambridge 5, T4, P78)
原文:
Q4: um good, I think I'd like to say ‘advanced’ but my written work is
below the level of my spoken, so I suppose it's intermediate.
解析: 本题先阐述了水平从高级改为中级的原因,而后由表结果的连词so对之前内容作出总结,引出答案intermediate。
以上是在雅思听力中常见的逻辑关系考点说明。建议考生在今后的练习中多从逻辑关系角度深入思考答案句的引出方式,练习逻辑关系的听辨,提升关系连词的听辨敏感度,以便可以更精准地抓取答案,最终提高答题正确率。