六级选词填空

长沙新东方 梁茂林

第一套

36. B. caters 37. M. recommended38. D. debated39. F. ideal40. C. chronically41. G. improvements42. E. deprivation43. L. ready44. H. necessarily45. O. target

解析：

本文节选自

New research shows a good night’s restisn’t a luxury–it’s critical for your brain and for your health

本文有较多删减，点击查看原文

http://sleep-apnea-dentist-nj.info/the-power-of-sleep/

As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting

by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture thatcaters to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shoppingsites that never close. It’s no surprise, then, that more than half of Americanadults don’t get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as recommended bysleep experts.

Whether or not we can catch up on sleep–on the weekend, say–is a hotly

debated topic among sleep researchers; the latest evidence suggests that whileit isn’t ideal, it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher andprofessor of medicine, brought chronically sleep-restricted people into the labfor a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, theyshowed improvements in the ability of insulin to process blood sugar. Thatsuggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleepdeprivation causes, which is encouraging given how many adults don’t get thehours they need each night. Still, Liu isn’t ready to endorse the habit ofsleeping less and making up for it later.  

Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not necessarily a silverbullet either. “A sleeping pill will target one area of the brain, but there’snever going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn’t reallyreplicate the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of thebrain to go through the different stages of sleep,” says Dr. Nancy Collop,director of the Emory University Sleep Center.

36. B. caters   空格左是定语从句引导词that，并且that指代的是前面的aculture，所以空格内应该填一个第三人称单数形式的动词与介词to搭配。cater to表示“迎合”，原句译为：“另外，我们生活在一个迎合着晚睡者的文化里，从24小时营业的杂货店到线上售货店都从不关门。”

37. M. recommended   空格左是as，右边是介词by，推测空格内应该填一个动词的过去分词形式，结合语义，7到9小时睡眠应该是专家XX的，所以选择“推荐”。

38. D. debated  空格左边有hotly，右边为topic，空格内应填一个形容词，理解为“热烈地xxx的话题”，结合语义，故选“被讨论的”

39. F. ideal  空格与左边的it isn’t共同构成主系表结构，空格内一般选择形容词或带冠词的名词，结合...while...might help. 理解为“尽管它是xxx的，它仍然是有用的”，所以选”理想的”，符合语境。

40. C. chronically   brought为谓语，空格右边是形容词，空格内应该填副词修饰右边的形容词。结合语义，选“长期地”来修饰“失眠的人”。

41. G. improvements   空格左边直接就是谓语show，空格内极有可能是一个复数名词，而且“进步”也符合原意。

42. E. deprivation   that引导一个定语从句修饰the damage,翻译成睡眠xxx导致的破坏，所以sleep后面应该接一个名词，选E组成“睡眠匮乏”符合语境。

43. L. ready    根据“isn’t xxx to dosth.”表示“不…去做某事”，推测出空格内填一个形容词，选ready表示“Liu尚未准备好去接受这个习惯，少睡一些晚点再补觉的习惯”。

44. H. necessarily   空格所在句为主系表结构，不缺主要成分，所以空格内应该填一个副词修饰be动词，结合，选“必须地”符合语境，“尽管安眠药对于一些人是有效的，但并不一定是一个有效的解决良方”。

45. O. target   情态动词will后面一定是一个动词原形，只有target符合，表示“一片安眠药会瞄准大脑的一个区域…”。

第二套

36 O vulnerable37 J permanent38  A advocates39  N tighten40 K restricted41  E facilities42  G investigating 43 M statistical 44  C correlation45  D exercise

第三套

来源：Who Killed the Nokia Phone?

 It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions – often quickly and brutally. Mobile-phone champion Nokia, one of Europe’s biggest technology success stories, was no exception, losing its market share in the space of just a few years. Can the industry’s new champions, Apple and Google – not to mention titans in other tech sectors – avoid Nokia’s fate?

 In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile-phone sales worldwide. But

consumers’ preferences were already shifting toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction of Apple’s iPhone in the middle of that year, Nokia’s market share shrunk rapidly and revenue plummeted. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.

What sealed Nokia’s fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his

position as CEO, which he assumed in October 2010. Each day that Elop spent at Nokia’s helm, the company’s market value declined by €18 million ($23 million) – making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.

But Elop was not the only person at fault. Nokia’s board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most notably, Jorma Ollila, who had led Nokia’s transition from an industrial conglomerate to a technology giant, was too enamored with the company’s previous success to recognize the change that was needed to sustain its competitiveness.

The company also embarked on a desperate cost-cutting program, which included the

elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the deterioration of the company’s once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia’s sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprising, much of Nokia’s most valuable design and programming talent left as well.

36. E. exception

37. O. worldwide

38. N. transmitting

39. L. shrank

40. A. assumed

41. F. fault

42. H. notably

43. I. previous

44. C. desperate

45. D. deterioration

本文有较大删改，点击阅读原文：

http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/nokia-lessons-for-apple-and-google-by-pekka-nyk-nen-and-merina-salminen-2014-10

六级长阅读匹配

长沙新东方  霍族龙

第一套

Climate change may be real, but it’s still not easy being GREen

46. When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it. 答案：【C】  C段中的when we can’t ACTually remove the source of fear, we tend to adapt ... 对应了此题

47. To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed.

答案： 【L】 在L段中，environment和frame均有体现，所以47题答案确定为L

48. It is the government’s responsibility to persuade people into making ...

答案： 【G】 Few political libraries are without a copy of... 此段中的They argue that governments should persuade us into ...对应48题

49. Politicians are being to realise the importance of enlisting psychologists’ help in fighting climate change

答案： 【P】 The power of such simple psychology in fighting against... 最后一个段落P中，段首的fight climate change和段末的with the help of psychologists就对应了49题

50. To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change答案： 【H】 对应了H段的We need to understand what motivates...

51. In their evolution, humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns答案：【D】 pay most attention to issues that... 明显对应

52. One study shows that our neighbours’ ACTions are influential in changing our behaviour. 答案：【J】 此题的邻居在J段中，被改写people’s door

53. Despite clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will affect their own lives.答案：【B】 most people find it hard to believe...对应53题的it is not easy for most people to believe...

54. We should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late. 答案：【F】 By the time... 到时 it could be too late就太晚了，所以对应了54题的before it is too late

55. Existing social networks can be more effective in creating change in people’s behaviour.

答案：【O】 O段中的way of creating change对应此题的creating change并且其余信息点也均有对应。

第二套

The impossibility of rapid energy transitions

46. 答案： 【C】  After all, we don’t speak only of…  

47. 答案： 【I】  That is because the engineers, designers

48. 答案： 【E】  It is easy change the a light bulb, but it is harder…

49. 答案： 【K】  have failed so miserably…  

50.答案：【G】 The whole fixture must be replaced — light source and laminate — is never inexpensive

51. 答案： 【A】  our systems are a bit like an aircraft  carrier….

52. 答案：【G】  Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications

53. 答案： 【J】  They have to operate for a long period of time…  

54. 答案： 【D】  it’s impACT reach for beyond itself…

55. 答案：【B】  moving objects have two charACTeristics relevant to understanding of …  

第三套

First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and Behind

46. Many first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college deGREe.

答案：【H】

解析：H段第二行so they are coming in questioning themselves...对应此题的have doubts about their abilities

47. First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.

答案：【C】

解析：C段最后一句话“carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers...完全对应此题

48. The graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay’s university was incredibly low.

答案：【B】

解析：此题中的Nijay、graduation rate、low均在B段中体现，并且此题的incredibly对应B段的frighteningly

49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation students with more support than they ACTually need.

答案：【N】

解析：N段以Yale举例，且此题的more support对应N段的a lot of support和后面的much support，所以答案确定为N段。

50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.

答案：【A】

解析：一进入大学，Nijay Williams...完整对应了A段的第一句话：when Nijay Williams entered college... 然后此题的had no idea对应的是后面unprepared for ...所以答案锁定为A段。

51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exACT graduation rates for first-generation students.

答案：【J】

解析：此题出现refuse to release their exACT graduation rates拒绝发布他们确切的毕业率。这就对应了J段开头，it is ACTually quite difficult to find reliable statistics...所以答案确定为J

52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don’t know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.

答案：【G】

解析：合成词low-income非常好定位，在G段的开头和结尾均有原词重现。并且52题后面所说“这些低收入家庭并不知道他们本可以有机会进入精英大学”对应了G段末的don't even realize it（甚至都没有意识到这一点）

53. Some elite universities attach GREat importance to building up the first-generation students’ self-confidence.

答案：【O】

解析：O段说给缺少自信的同学significant support就对应了此题的building up ... students’ self-confidence

54. I’m First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.

答案：【D】

解析：D段第二句话First、distributes information均原词重现。而且D段原文的用词the best post-secondary fit又对应了这句话的most suitable，所以答案锁定为D段。

55. Elite universities tend to graduate first-generation students at a higher rate.

答案：【M】

解析：M段最后一句话中的higher graduate rates明显对应此题。并且此题中的Elite universities在M段也有原词重现，所以此题的答案确定为M。

六级仔细阅读

长沙新东方  霍族龙  王饶  周思远  

第一套

Passage One

56. 【D】 Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas

    解析：由第一段最后一句话，this outcome indicated that schooling had failed得出。

57. 【A】 They have learned to think critically.

         解析：由第二段中间They found large differences...focus on critical issues

58. 【B 】 It cultivates students' ability to make scientific inquirie.

解析：根据questions with no ready answers定位到第三段的第三句，该句表明“这些问题可以让人更加具有疑问精神，比如问更多问题、进行更多实验等”，因此B选项最为匹配。

59. 【A】 It allows for failures.

  解析：由倒数第二段的第二句话“Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools”可以得出A选项It allows for failures.

60. 【C】 Make full use of informal learning resources

         解析：整个最后一段作者都是在说非正式学习的好处，尤其是最后一段的最后一句话，have a robust informal learning system...更能体现出C选项：Make full use of informal learning resources.

Passage Two

61. 【B】 It has a strong negative impACT on space tourism  根据关键词VSS定位到第一段最后一句，第二段整段也都在介绍“VSS的失败”，“…will cast a long shadow over the future of space tourism”，B选项就是对该信息的同义改写。62. 【C】 It was about ready to start rugular business 根据关键词VG定位到第三段后半部分，“...seemed closest to starting regular flights”，C选项是对该处信息的同义改写。63. 【D】 To promote the space tourism industry 根据关键词2004定位到第五段第一句，它说这个法案是“intended to encourage private space vehicles and services”，也就是为了“推动太空旅游业”。64. 【D】 Suspend Virgin GalACTic's licence to take passengers into space. 根据关键词FAA定位到第五段后半部分，“That means to suspend VG’s license to fly”，该选项正是对其同义改写。65. 【A】 It is worth promoting despire the risks involved. 根据出题顺序原则，定位到最后一段，通读全段（尤其是最后一句）不难发现作者对“太空旅游业”的态度应该是偏向正面的，只有A选项符合。

第二套

Passage One

56. 【D】  It follows the standard naming prACTice. 根据第一段最后一句得出57. 【D】  It is politically sensitive 根据第二段第一句58. 【A】  Racial biases are widespread in the professional world 根据第四段第一句59. 【C】 People’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled. 根据第五段、第六段和最后一段第一句综合考虑60. 【B】  A person is judged by their worth. 根据最后一段第一句

Passage Two

61. 【B】  It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times. 根据第一段综合考虑得出62. 【A】  The diluted college curriculum 根据第二段第一句得出63. 【D】  They prioritize nonacademic ACTivities. 根据第三段第一句得出64. 【B】 They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves. 根据第三段第二句第三句得出65. 【C】  The current situation in American higher education may not last long. 根据最后一段最后一句得出

第三套

Passage One

56. 【C】- Take costs into account when making treatment decisions  解析：由第一段第一句得出答案 Since they can no longer ignore...57. 【B】-Effects of medical treatment 解析：由第二段第一句话得出答案The shit, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already58. 【A】- The redefining of doctor’s roles  解析：由第三段第一句话得出答案result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even...59. 【D】-They may lose the respect of patients 解析：由第六段第二句话losing the trust of patients if they...60. 【C】-It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem 解析：由第十段第二句话because not many others are doing so

Passage Two

61. 【A】- It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility. 解析：第一段最后一句decreasing mobility pose得出62 【B】- It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility 解析：由第三段第二句得出答案63. 【C】－ offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladder. 解析：第五段最后一句64. 【A】－Family Structure  65. 【D】－It is better to start from community to help poor children move up the social ladder.

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