中国历史与文化

　　京剧Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 相声witty dialogue comedy 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot中国古代四大发明the four GREat inventions of ancient China 火药gunpowder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware

　　瓷器porcelain; china唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture道教Taoism墨家Mohism法家Legalism佛教Buddhism孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子Lao Tzu庄子Chuang Tzu墨子Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字pictographic charACTers文房四宝(笔墨纸观)the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink, paper,and ink stone)《大学》The GREat Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三国演义》Romance of the Three Kingdoms《西游爷己》Journey to the West《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions《水浒传》Water margin 《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites《三字经》Three-charACTer Scriptures八股文eight-part essay五言绝句five-charACTer quatrain七言律诗seven-charACTer octave旗袍cheongsam

　　中山装Chinese tunic suit唐装Tang suit风水Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历Solar calendar 阴历Lunar calendar 闰年leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春节the Spring Festival 元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节the Double-ninth Day 七夕节the Double-seventh Day 春联spring couplets 庙会temple fair 爆竹firecracker年画(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money舞龙dragon dance元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 灯谜lantern riddle舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking赛龙舟dragon boat race胡同hutong山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine 粤菜Canton cuisine 扬州菜Yangzhou cuisine 月饼moon cake 年糕rice cake 油条deep-fried dough sticks 豆浆soybean milk 馒头steamed buns 花卷steamed twisted rolls 包子steamed stuffed buns 北京烤鸭Beijing roast duck 拉面hand-stretched noodles 馄饨wonton (dumplings in soup)豆腐tofu/bean curd

　　麻花fried dough twist 烧饼clay oven rolls 皮蛋100-year egg; century egg 蛋炒饭fried rice with egg 糖葫芦tomatoes on sticks 火锅hot pot长城the GREat Wall of China 烽火台beacon tower秦士台皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda丝绸之路the Silk Road敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes华清池Huaqing Hot Springs五台山"Wutai Mountain九华山Jiuhua Mountain蛾眉山Mount Emei泰山Mount Tai黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain 故宫the Imperial Palace天坛the Temple of Heaven 午门Meridian Gate大运河Grand Canal护城河the Moat回音壁Echo Wall居庸关Juyongguan Pass九龙壁the Nine Dragon Wall黄帝陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi十三陵the Ming Tombs苏州园林Suzhougardens西湖West Lake九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley日月潭Sun Moon Lake布达拉宫Potala Palace鼓楼drum tower四合院quadrangle; courtyard complex孔庙Confucius Temple乐山大佛Leshan Giant Buddha十八罗汉the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha喇嘛Lama

　　转世灵重reincarnated soul boy

　　中药traditional Chinese medicine《黄帝内经》Emperor Huangdi’s Canon of Traditional Chinese Medicine 《神农本草经》Shennong’s Herbal Classic 《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica 针灸acupuncture 推拿medical massage 切脉feeling the pulse 五禽戏five-animal exercises 旧石器时代the Paleolithic Age 新石器时代the Neolithic Age; New Stone Age 母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society 封建的feudal 朝代dynasty 秦朝Qin Dynasty 汉朝Han Dynasty 唐朝Tang Dynasty 宋朝Song Dynasty 元朝Yuan Dynasty 明朝Ming Dynasty 清朝Qing Dynasty秦士台皇帝Emperor Qinshihuang; the First Emperor of Qin皇太后Empress Dowager汉高祖刘邦Liu Bang, Emperor Hangaozu, founder of the Han Dynasty 成吉思汗Genghis Khan 春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period 文成公主Tang Princess Wencheng 慈禧太后Empress Dowager Ci Xi 皇帝，君主emperor; monarch 诸侯vassal皇妃imperial concubine 丞相，宰相prime minister 太监court eunuch 少数民族ethnic minority 祭祀offer sacrifices 西域the Western Regions 战国the Warring States 中华文明Chinese civilization 文明的摇篮cradle of civilization秦始皇统一中国unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 鸦片战争the Opium War 太平天国the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

　　戌戌变法the Reform Movement of 1898 辛亥革命the 1911 Revolution 新民主主义革命New-democratic Revolution五四运动the May 4th Movement of 1919 南昌起义Nanchang Uprising 918 事变September 18th Incident 长征the Long March 西安事变Xi’an Incident 南京大屠杀Nanjing Massacre 抗日战争the War of Resistance Against Japan 毛泽东Mao Tse-tong 孙中山Sun Yat-sen 蒋介石Chiang Kai-shek 国民党Kuomingtang中华人民共和国the People’s Republic of China (PRC)满族Manchu蒙古人Mongol士大夫scholar-officials学者scholar诗人poet政治家statesman社会地位social status

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