【摘要】 Run-on句型一直是SAT语法的考察重点，也是很多初学SAT的学员很容易忽视的语法知识点。受中文思维影响，我们很少注意到句与句之间的连接，导致写作或者做语法题时很容易犯错，本文会着重讨论run-on句型，并讨论这种句型的几种修改方式。

【关键词】run-on句型； 连词； 副词；分号

常见Run-on句型包括以下三种：

1. Fused sentences

所谓“Fused sentences“就是两个句子之间没有任何标点符号，直接粘连在一起。

Eg: The bus stopped suddenly I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

2. Comma splices

“Comma splices“指的是两个完整的句子仅仅用逗号连接。

Eg: The bus stopped suddenly, I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

3. 用副词或者介词连接两个完整句子

这种run-on句型往往更难区分。

Eg: The bus stopped suddenly, consequently, I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

常见的修改方式也有三种，坊间俗称“牵手，分手，灭口”。

所谓牵手就是用连词把两个完整的句子连起来，变成一个整体；

eg: The bus stopped suddenly and I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

所谓分手就是用分号或句号把两个完整的句子隔开，变成两个独立的句子；

eg: The bus stopped suddenly；I spilled coffee all over my shirt.

所谓灭口就是把两个句子中的其中一个变成另外一个的附属成分，比如变成ing，从句等等。

Eg: The stumbled over a rock, spilling coffee all over my shirt.

这些修改方式中最需要注意的是用连词连接两个句子的情况。因为连词很容易跟副词混淆。所以我们的关键点也变成了怎样区分常见的连词和副词。

常见连词：

 1.表时间：when, after, before, as, while

 2.表因果：because, since, as

 3.表让步：although, though, even if, even though

 4.表指代：who, whom, that

 5. 表条件：whether, if

当然连词的个数远远不止以上几个，只是本文我们只讨论SAT语法常考的连词。这些连词经常被用来连接句子，从而修正run-on句型

常见副词：

1. –ly

2. 词根：thereby, therefore，heretofore，nevertheless，nonetheless

3. 表顺序：first，in the first place， in the end, then

4. 举例：for example, for instance

5. however,  moreover，furthermore，hence, thus, also, even, what’s more

这些副词或者副词短语都不能用来连接两个完整的句子。所以我们做题时就要将连词和副词区分开来。以下三个例题分别是run-on句型的三种修改方式：

1. Even the play’s most minor charACTers work together with extraordinary skill, their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.

• (A) their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.

• (B) a moving theatrical experience is created by their interplay

• (C) and their interplay creates a moving theatrical experience.

• (D) and a moving theatrical experience being the creation of their interplay

• (E) with their interplay they create a moving theatrical experience.

本题答案为c选项。原句是典型的run-on句型，用逗号连接两个完整的句子。正确选项通过添加连词and将两个分句连接起来了。B选项没有连词，D选项虽然有连词，但是连词后的句子没有谓语，E选项介词短语连不了两个完整的句子 。

2. Many students work after school and on weekends, consequently they do not have much time for doing their homework.

• (A) weekends, consequently they do not have

• (B) weekends, they do not have

• (C) weekends, as a consequence they do not have

• (D) weekends, therefore they do not have

• (E) weekends; consequently, they do not have

本题答案为E选项。原句和D选项错在用副词连接两个完整的句子；B选项用逗号连接两个完整的句子，不正确，C选项as a consequence是副词短语，依旧连接不了两个完整的句子。正确选项E用分号将两个句子分开，可取。

3. Bees must leave the safety of the hive to forage for food many times a day, they are risking being eaten by any of a multitude of predators. P491-4

• (A) day, they are risking being eaten

• (B) day at the risk of being eaten    

• (C) day risking them to be eaten  

• (D) day; the risk is to be eaten

• (E) day; likewise, they risk being eaten

本题正确答案为B。原句是逗号连接两个完整的句子，不可取；B选项用介词短语把两个小分句合并成立一个大整句，且逻辑关系正确。选项risking错误地修饰day；D选项被吃掉的主语应该是蜜蜂；E不如B简洁。

我们做题时一旦判断出该句是run-on句型就要在选项中找加了连词或者分号的，很有可能就是正确答案，但有时候正确答案也有可能是像第三个例题一样，把两个分句通过某种形式变成一个大整句，所以我们需要具体情况具体分析。

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