ACT写作复习注意事项
1.写作复习注意事项是什么?
写作的学生中,暴露最多的问题就是缺乏细节,大多数学生写作文习惯了太空太泛,而没有具体的细节,因而缺乏说服力。
2.什么是细节?
细节就是议论文里论据的一种——实例性论据,也就是我们通常所说的例子。那它在议论文里的作用是什么呢?我们先来看一下议论文的结构,ACT写作要求的是议论文,在汉语和英语中,议论文都包含三个要素claim(论点),reason(理由),evidence(论据)。三者缺一不可,理由支持论点,论据支持理由。所以细节的作用就是支持理由,进而让立场更有说服力。
3.如何写出更具体的细节?
确定话题中的主要概念,然后查找与概念相关的具体细节。其实ACT写作话题的广度和深度相比SAT要简单很多。题目大多是校园话题。因此要提供具体的细节,平时留意积累就OK了。
现在举例说明:
1). “Is it too distrACTing for high school students to divide their
attention among several ACTivities when they are doing
homework?”(高中生做作业同时做其他的事情会不会分心?) 如果我们的立场是“做作业同时做其他事情会分心”,
那么重点就是同时做哪些事情会导致我们分心呢,很多同学写的例子段里面只是空泛的分析了这样做的缺点,但没能指出具体哪些事情。其实这个细节相对比较容易,因为和高中生的生活息息相关。大家只需要思考做作业的时候作哪些事情会分心,比如听音乐,刷Facebook,Twitter,微信朋友圈,聊天,看美剧,玩游戏。通过列出具体的细节,然后再一一分析如何干扰学习,降低效率就更有说服力了。
2). “Should high school libraries subscribe to popular
magazines?”(高中图书馆应不应该订阅通俗杂志?)
摘自学生练习中的一小段:
“Subscribing to popular magazines motivates students to read. For my school
district, every school in the district has access to all kinds of magazines and
books. The results are significant – students who resist reading tend to spend
more time in the library with friends reading. This will develop into a
long-term habit and students will tend to read more even after they graduate
from school.”
这一段存在的问题同样也是缺乏具体的细节。题目主要的概念就是通俗杂志,但是论证中却没有出现具体的通俗杂志的例子。要写好这个题目,大家需要想一想有哪些常见的美国通俗杂志。其实并不需要太多时间,但是会让大家的文章变得更有说服力。比如美国常见的通俗杂志包括
ELLE, Vogue,Cosmopolitan, Rolling Stone, Food Network, National
Geographic。写理由段的时候就可以选取任意一个杂志为例来写订阅这类杂志对青少年的优缺点。
下面是学生加入具体细节之后的修改版:
“Subscribing to popular magazines motivates students to read. For my school
district, every school in the district has access to all kinds of magazines and
books including National Geographic that gave students a grand view of the
nature; it attrACTs students who are interested in photography by posting
incredible seen of the wild such as leopards and elephants in Africa. The
results are significant – students who resist to read tend to spend more time in
the library with friends to read. This will develop into a long-term habit and
students will tend to read more even after they graduate from school.”
相较于之前的版本,修改之后的文章加入了具体的细节---国家地理杂志,以及这个杂志对学生产生的具体的影响。文章的说服力就更强了。
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