2019年高考英语语法专项:动词的-ing形式作宾语
导读:动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。下面和长沙新东方的小编一起来复习一下。
动词的-ing形式作宾语
动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
1.作动词的宾语
能用-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类,一类是只能用-ing形式作宾语,另一类是既可用-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语。
①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词
这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。
Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了!
I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
They didn't mind being treated like guests. 他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。
They admitted smokinghaving smoked in the hall. 他们承认在大厅里抽过烟。
I regret sayinghaving said what I said.我很后悔自己说过的话。
He couldn't help laughing.他情不自禁地笑了起来。
I can't imagine the boy speaking so rudely to you. 我不能想像这个男孩对你说话这么没礼貌。
必背:
只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit承认
appreciate感激
avoid避免
consider考虑
delay耽搁
dislike嫌恶
enjoy喜欢
escape避免
excuse原谅
fancy想不到
feel like意欲
finish完成
forgive原谅
give up放弃
cannot help情不自禁
imagine设想
include包括
keep保持
mention提及
mind介意
miss逃过
put off推迟
practice练习
resist抵制
risk冒险
②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语
这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语,也能用不定式作宾语,但用法并不相同,主要有以下几种情况:
a.有些动词,如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等,后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。
They prefer spending to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
I intend to buy buying an English-Chinese dictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。
提示:应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。
I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。
避免说:I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语。
b. need, require, want作"需要"解时,后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式,意义上并无差别,但用-ing形式比较普通。
Your composition needs correcting to be corrected.你的作文需要修改。
His coat wants cleaning to be cleaned. 他的大衣需要洗了。
The old woman requires looking after carefully to be looked after carefully.这个老大娘需要细心地照料。
2.作介词宾语
动词的-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常见的几种搭配形式有:
①动词+介词+ -ing形式
Jason aims at becoming an astronaut.詹森立志要当宇航员。
I dream of being the best footballer in the school.我梦想成为全校最好的足球队员。
比较:
keep doing继续或保持做某事。(强调动作的持续性)
News lf successes keeps pouring in. 捷报频传。
Keep on doing继续或反复做某事。(强调动作的反复性)
We will keep on trying and.if we get anything done.will notify you.
我们将继续努力。有结果将通知你。
Keep sb doing使某人一直做某事(表示被迫进行的动作)
I'll try not to keep you waiting.我尽量不让你久等。
Keep sb from doing阻止某人做某事(=preventstop sb from doing)
The stone walls keep the farmer's cows from joining his neighbor's cows.
石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。
②动词+名词+介词+ -ing形式
Please excuse me for being late.对不起,我迟到了。
What prevented you from joining us last night昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起
Sandy wasted no time in getting to know the boss's daughter.桑迪很快就开始就和老板的女儿套近乎了。
③名词+介词+ -ing形式
We like his way of teaching English.我们喜欢他教英语的方式。
He has little hope of passing the examination.他几乎没有什么希望通过考试。
I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
④形容词+介词+ -ing形式
I'm tired of having the same food every day.天天吃同样的东西我感到腻烦了。
Peter is angry about not being invited to the party.没有被邀请出席聚会,彼得很生气。
Who's responsible for organizing this conference 是谁负责组织这次大会?
⑤whathow about + -ing形式
What about going for a walk去散步好不好?
How about playing a game of chess now现在来下盘棋好吗
⑥介词to +动词-ing形式
to既可以是介词,也可以是不定式符号,在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号,to后接动词原形;若是介词,to后需接-ing形式。
You must get used to washing your face with cold water.你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。
John has admitted to breaking the window.约翰已承认了打碎窗子。
I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。
However, others strongly object to developing private cars.然而,另有一些人强烈反对发展私人小汽车。
He is equal to doing this task.他能胜任这项任务。
The man took to drinking shortly after his wife died.他妻子死后不久,这人就开始嗜酒。
Isn't it time you got down to marking those papers难道还没到你安下心来阅卷的时
(来源:新东方在线高考辅导)
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导读:动词的-ing形式包括传统语法的“动名词”(gerund)和“现在分词”(present participle)两个部分。动词的-ing形式具有动词的特征,同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因此它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语和状语。下面和长沙新东方的小编一起来复习一下。
动词的-ing形式作宾语
动词的-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
1.作动词的宾语
能用-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类,一类是只能用-ing形式作宾语,另一类是既可用-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语。
①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词
这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。
Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了!
I suggest doing it in a different way. 我建议用另一种方法做这件事。
They didn't mind being treated like guests. 他们不在乎被人当作宾客对待。
They admitted smokinghaving smoked in the hall. 他们承认在大厅里抽过烟。
I regret sayinghaving said what I said.我很后悔自己说过的话。
He couldn't help laughing.他情不自禁地笑了起来。
I can't imagine the boy speaking so rudely to you. 我不能想像这个男孩对你说话这么没礼貌。
必背:
只接动词的-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有
admit承认
appreciate感激
avoid避免
consider考虑
delay耽搁
dislike嫌恶
enjoy喜欢
escape避免
excuse原谅
fancy想不到
feel like意欲
finish完成
forgive原谅
give up放弃
cannot help情不自禁
imagine设想
include包括
keep保持
mention提及
mind介意
miss逃过
put off推迟
practice练习
resist抵制
risk冒险
②既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语
这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语,也能用不定式作宾语,但用法并不相同,主要有以下几种情况:
a.有些动词,如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等,后面接动词的-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。
They prefer spending to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。
I intend to buy buying an English-Chinese dictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。
提示:应尽量避免接连出现两个动词-ing形式。
I am starting to learn Russian. 我开始学俄语。
避免说:I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语。
b. need, require, want作"需要"解时,后面接-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式,意义上并无差别,但用-ing形式比较普通。
Your composition needs correcting to be corrected.你的作文需要修改。
His coat wants cleaning to be cleaned. 他的大衣需要洗了。
The old woman requires looking after carefully to be looked after carefully.这个老大娘需要细心地照料。
2.作介词宾语
动词的-ing形式作介词宾语大都和一些固定搭配有关。常见的几种搭配形式有:
①动词+介词+ -ing形式
Jason aims at becoming an astronaut.詹森立志要当宇航员。
I dream of being the best footballer in the school.我梦想成为全校最好的足球队员。
比较:
keep doing继续或保持做某事。(强调动作的持续性)
News lf successes keeps pouring in. 捷报频传。
Keep on doing继续或反复做某事。(强调动作的反复性)
We will keep on trying and.if we get anything done.will notify you.
我们将继续努力。有结果将通知你。
Keep sb doing使某人一直做某事(表示被迫进行的动作)
I'll try not to keep you waiting.我尽量不让你久等。
Keep sb from doing阻止某人做某事(=preventstop sb from doing)
The stone walls keep the farmer's cows from joining his neighbor's cows.
石头墙使农民家的牛不会混入邻居的牛群中去。
②动词+名词+介词+ -ing形式
Please excuse me for being late.对不起,我迟到了。
What prevented you from joining us last night昨天晚上什么事使你不能和我们在一起
Sandy wasted no time in getting to know the boss's daughter.桑迪很快就开始就和老板的女儿套近乎了。
③名词+介词+ -ing形式
We like his way of teaching English.我们喜欢他教英语的方式。
He has little hope of passing the examination.他几乎没有什么希望通过考试。
I have no difficulty in communicating with foreigners.我在和外国人交谈方面没有什么困难。
④形容词+介词+ -ing形式
I'm tired of having the same food every day.天天吃同样的东西我感到腻烦了。
Peter is angry about not being invited to the party.没有被邀请出席聚会,彼得很生气。
Who's responsible for organizing this conference 是谁负责组织这次大会?
⑤whathow about + -ing形式
What about going for a walk去散步好不好?
How about playing a game of chess now现在来下盘棋好吗
⑥介词to +动词-ing形式
to既可以是介词,也可以是不定式符号,在使用中比较容易混淆。若是不定式符号,to后接动词原形;若是介词,to后需接-ing形式。
You must get used to washing your face with cold water.你必须习惯用冷水洗脸。
John has admitted to breaking the window.约翰已承认了打碎窗子。
I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。
He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他为全人类的利益献出了自己的一生。
However, others strongly object to developing private cars.然而,另有一些人强烈反对发展私人小汽车。
He is equal to doing this task.他能胜任这项任务。
The man took to drinking shortly after his wife died.他妻子死后不久,这人就开始嗜酒。
Isn't it time you got down to marking those papers难道还没到你安下心来阅卷的时
(来源:新东方在线高考辅导)