高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  导读:2021湖南高考报名考生共57.49万人,除保送生、高职院校单独招生、师范生等考生外,实际考生近40.02万人,其中普通高考考生37.22万人(历史类考生16.58万人,占44.55%;物理类考生20.64万,占55.45%)。

  一、单科选考分析

  以下为新高考改革第三批实行3+1+2方案的省市2021届学生(刚刚结束高考的本届高三学生)的各科选考数据,从整体来看各省选科占比相对比较均衡,最受欢迎的科目是生物。

 高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  ↑表格来源:自主选拔在线,非官方数据仅供参考

  1、两个首选科目差距不大,偏文科人数较往年有所上涨

  首先从首选的物理、历史两个科目来看,总体来说选考两科的比例很接近。而首选历史或物理一定程度上可以反映考生的偏文理程度,我们通过对比2019年其中六个省份的文科生占比情况(见下表)发现,大部分省份的偏文科比例都有所上涨。

高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  说明:表中2019文科占比数据是基于2019年各省发布的一分一段表文理人数计算而来,艺术类考生暂未计入。

  2、生物成热门,政治受冷落

  为方便大家直观的看出各科目选考比例,我们将这届七省选考数据转换成柱状图:

高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  从上述图表中可以看出,生物的选考比例高居首位,紧接着就是物理和地理两门科目选考人数最多,其次就是历史、化学。而政治科目选考人数最少,这可能与政治这门学科背诵内容多、不容易拿高分的特性有关。

高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  导读:2021湖南高考报名考生共57.49万人,除保送生、高职院校单独招生、师范生等考生外,实际考生近40.02万人,其中普通高考考生37.22万人(历史类考生16.58万人,占44.55%;物理类考生20.64万,占55.45%)。

  一、单科选考分析

  以下为新高考改革第三批实行3+1+2方案的省市2021届学生(刚刚结束高考的本届高三学生)的各科选考数据,从整体来看各省选科占比相对比较均衡,最受欢迎的科目是生物。

 高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  ↑表格来源:自主选拔在线,非官方数据仅供参考

  1、两个首选科目差距不大,偏文科人数较往年有所上涨

  首先从首选的物理、历史两个科目来看,总体来说选考两科的比例很接近。而首选历史或物理一定程度上可以反映考生的偏文理程度,我们通过对比2019年其中六个省份的文科生占比情况(见下表)发现,大部分省份的偏文科比例都有所上涨。

高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  说明:表中2019文科占比数据是基于2019年各省发布的一分一段表文理人数计算而来,艺术类考生暂未计入。

  2、生物成热门,政治受冷落

  为方便大家直观的看出各科目选考比例,我们将这届七省选考数据转换成柱状图:

高中选文还是选理?湖南2021届新高考选科数据出炉!(附选科建议)

  从上述图表中可以看出,生物的选考比例高居首位,紧接着就是物理和地理两门科目选考人数最多,其次就是历史、化学。而政治科目选考人数最少,这可能与政治这门学科背诵内容多、不容易拿高分的特性有关。

2015年高考英语上海卷试题及答案

2019-01-23 来源: 网络整理 作者: 长晓球

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  导读:在选择历年高考真题时建议同学们优先五年内的高考真题,近五年之内的真题基本涵盖了高考98%以上的知识点和考试信息,可以起到很好的查漏补缺效果。对于历年高考真题,同学们要做到反复练和精练。以下是2015年高考英语上海卷真题及答案,供学生练习。

  2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷

  考生注意:

  1. 考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。

  2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1-12页)和第Ⅱ卷(第13页),全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(填空题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

  3. 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

  第Ⅰ卷(共103分)

  Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension

  Section A

  Directions: In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on you paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

  1.A.Impatient B.Confused C.Pleased D.Regretful

  2.At a bus stop B.At a laundry C.At the dentist’s D.At the chemist’s

  3.An actor B.A salesman C.A translator D.A writer

  4.A .He lost his classmate’s homework. B.He can’t help the woman with her math.

  C.He broke the woman’s calculator. D.He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.

  5.A.The woman should go to another couner.

  B.The woman gives the man so many choices.

  C.The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.

  D.The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.

  6.A.She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.

  B.She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.

  C.Dr.White hasn’t finished grading the papers.

  D.Dr.White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.

  7.A .Move to a next dormitory B.Find a person to share their apartment.

  C.Clean the room with roommate D.Write an article about their roommate.

  8.A.Bob won’t take her advice.

  B.Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.

  C.She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.

  D.She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.

  9.A.The snack bar isn’t usually so empty.

  B.Dessert is served in the snack bar.

  C.The snack bar is near the library.

  D.Snacks aren’t sllowed in th library.

  10.A.Take her bicycle to the repair shop.

  B.Leave her bicycle outside.

  C.Clean the garage after the rain stops.

  D.Check if the garage is dry.

  Section B

  Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages,and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

  Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

  11.A.It helps care for custermer’s dogs. B.You have to buy food for dogs.

  C.None of the dogs are caged D.There is a dog named Princess

  12.A.She likes the food there. B.She enjoys the fun with a pet.

  C.She can have free coffee. D.She doesn’t like to be alone.

  13.A.A new kind of care. B.A new brand of coffee.

  C.A new home for pets. D.A new way to raise pets.

  Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

  14.A.A trend that high achiever are given a lower salary.

  B.A view that life quallity is more important than pay.

  C.A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs

  D. A new term created by high achivers

  15.A.10% B.12% C.6% D.7%

  16.A.People are less satisfied with their lives. B.The financial investment may increase.

  C.Well-paid jobs are not easy to find. D.Unexpected problem may arise.

  Section C

  Directions: In Section C,you will hear tow longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation,you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers

  Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

  Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer.

  SRT

  Service Notes

  Account NO.: 17

  Service Requests Check the 18

  Solution: send another 19 2pm. on 20

  Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

  Complete the form.Write ON MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

  In what way are these climbers special? They are all 21

  Why did they choose to conquer Mount Kilimanjaro? To prove 22

  What did they do in time of difficulty? They persevered, 23each other.

  How did the record their adventure? By keeping 24

  Ⅱ.Grammar and vocabulary

  Section A

  Directions: Af ter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

  (A)

  Gift from a stranger

  My local supermarket is aways busy. The first parking space I found was convenient,but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car cireling for a white (25) I was in a good mood, I left her have it .On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot-it was a tight fit.

  Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26)

  (empty) my purse change into the heads of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.

  Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot carlier.She was fiving me (27) .odd-look half puzzled,half intent(热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I back into my car, I saw the same lady(28) (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said ,hesitantly “This (29) sould crazy, but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s thing off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) her. You helped those people , I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and paused a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”(31) (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.

  After a pause. I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) (nice)gift I’d ever receibed, and I was from a complete stanger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.

  (B)

  Ask Helpful Hannah

  Dear Helpfu hannah,

  I’d got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and be took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant arge (33) (check) for text messages, he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea(34) there may be an important text . He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him ! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see(36) is connecting him is just too great.When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) (igoore) me, he says, “ In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) has posted something new on the internet. Our life (39) (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home ,he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Mybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.

  I recently read an article about “nomophobia” (40) is real illness people can suffer from the feat of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.

  Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!

  Sick and Tired Sadie

  Section B

  Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

  A.access B. altematives C. assigned D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements

  G.function H.innovative I.prospective J.separate K.supporting

  Considering how much time people spend in offices,it is important that work spaces be welll designed.Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 ,customers,They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.

  As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one,office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work envionments of the past, The design industry has moved away from a fixed offices setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments”. These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.

  As employee hierachies(等级制度)have flattened,or decreased,office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and crate fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage,and equipment within the workstation.Another important design goal is communication,which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations.Designers have also created informal gathering places,and upgraded employees' 47 to heavily traficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.

  Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands,including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies,and techological innovation(especially in relation to computerization).These demands must also be balanced with the need to careate interiors(内饰)that in some way enchance,establish,or promote a company's inmage and will enable employees to 49 at their best.

  All these 50 of office design are related.The most successful office designs are like a good marriage-thewell-designed office and the employess that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.

  III. Reading Comprehension

  Section A

  Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

  If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.

  In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.

  Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.

  First Impression

  To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.

  As it turned out, their 58 judgements often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.

  The 60 Knows

  Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.

  Face Value

  Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.

  When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.

  51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise

  52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial

  53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle

  54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased

  55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D.positon

  56. A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructors

  57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall

  58. A. critical B. initial C. random D.mature

  59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question

  60. A. Nose B . Eye C. Heart D. Hand

  61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior

  62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted

  63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals

  64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses

  65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. Irritating

  Section B

  Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

  (A)

  Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.

  For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.

  The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.

  If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.

  66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?

  A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.

  B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.

  C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.

  D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.

  67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when___________.

  A. snowmen were made mainly by artists

  B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity

  C. snowmen were politically criticized

  D. snowmen caused damaging floods

  68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.

  A. the start of the parade

  B. the coming of a longer summer

  C. the passing of the winter

  D. the success of tradesmen

  69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?

  A. They were appreciated in history

  B. They have lost their value

  C. They were related to movies

  D. They vary in shape and size

  (B)

  Scary Bunny

  The Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.

  Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.

  The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.

  To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!

  70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?

  A. The introduction to the leading roles B. The writer’s opinion of acting

  C. The writer’s comments on the story D. The background information

  71. According to the film review, “monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.

  A. a gun-crazy hunter B. a brainy dog

  C. a scary rabbit D. a giant vegetable

  72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?

  A. It’s full of wit and humour.

  B. Its characters show feelings without words.

  C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.

  D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.

  (C)

  One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor(叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”

  During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.

  The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation(狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.

  Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.

  Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?

  73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?

  A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade

  74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.

  A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better

  B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays

  C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops

  D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.

  75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?

  A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.

  B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.

  C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.

  D. To warn executives against power misuse.

  76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

  A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.

  B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.

  C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.

  D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.

  77. The best title for the passage is _____.

  A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture

  B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success

  C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation

  D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results

  Section C

  Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

  Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.

  Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).

  On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.

  (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

  78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?

  79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.

  80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?

  81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.

  第II卷 (共47分)

  I. Translation

  Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

  1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。 (visit)

  2.街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。 (bring)

  3.在你生命中,如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起,那么就去向他道歉吧。 (apology)

  4.这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 (what)

  5. 申请材料需要精心准备,这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面,准确地了解。 (in order that)

  II. Guided Writing

  Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

  学校即将举办“读书节”,目前正广泛征集“读书节”宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳,你已找到以下三幅图片,决定给读书节组委会写一封信,推荐其中一幅,你的信须包括以下内容:

  1. 简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片;

  2. 阐述你用这幅图片宣传“读书节”的理由。

  2015年高考英语上海卷真题答案

  第I卷

  第一大题第1至第10小题,每题1分;第11至第16小题,每题2分;第17题至第24题,每题1分,共30分。

  1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B

  11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.D 16.D

  17.XW94702 18.electricity 19.engineer 20.Wednesday

  21.disabled 22.the human spirit 23.inspiring

  24.an online diary/a diary online

  第二大题每小题1分。共26分。

  25.As/Because/Since 26.emptied 27.an 28.looking 29.minght/may

  30.like 31.Shocked 32.the nicest 33.to check 34.that 35.as if/as though

  36.who 37.ignoring 38.someone/somebody

  39.has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted 40.which

  41.I 42.B 43.H 44.D 45.C 46.J 47.A 48.E 49.G 50.F

  第三大题第51至第65小题,每题1分;第66至77小题,每题2分;第78至81小题,每题2分,共47分。

  51.A 52.C 53.B 54.D 55.C 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.B 60.A

  61.A 62.D 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.C 69.A 70.D

  71.C 72.A 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.D

  78.Improved physical health and psychosocial development

  79.participate in sports during adulthood

  80.They change rules to suit their needs and their environment

  81.improving perfomance

  第II卷

  I.翻译

  第1-3题,每题4分;第4-5题,每题5分。共22分。

  参考答案(仅供阅卷老师参考)

  1.Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.

  2.Street artists have brough brilliant colours to old neighbourhoods with their creativity.

  3.If there is someone in your life to whom you need to say sorry, go ahead and make an apology.

  4.What makes the game unique is that helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.

  5.The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and

  accurate konwledge of your abilities.

  II.写作 共25分。

  2015年全国各省市高考英语作文汇总

  延伸阅读:

  2015年全国各省市高考英语真题及答案解析汇总

  历年全国各省市高考英语作文汇总

  历年湖南高三英语月考卷/模考卷/预测卷汇总

  2019高考英语专项大作战专题

  2019高三寒假学习计划

  长沙新东方2019新高一暑假班报名通道

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      导读:在选择历年高考真题时建议同学们优先五年内的高考真题,近五年之内的真题基本涵盖了高考98%以上的知识点和考试信息,可以起到很好的查漏补缺效果。对于历年高考真题,同学们要做到反复练和精练。以下是2015年高考英语上海卷真题及答案,供学生练习。

      2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷

      考生注意:

      1. 考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。

      2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第Ⅰ卷(第1-12页)和第Ⅱ卷(第13页),全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(填空题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

      3. 答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

      第Ⅰ卷(共103分)

      Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension

      Section A

      Directions: In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on you paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

      1.A.Impatient B.Confused C.Pleased D.Regretful

      2.At a bus stop B.At a laundry C.At the dentist’s D.At the chemist’s

      3.An actor B.A salesman C.A translator D.A writer

      4.A .He lost his classmate’s homework. B.He can’t help the woman with her math.

      C.He broke the woman’s calculator. D.He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.

      5.A.The woman should go to another couner.

      B.The woman gives the man so many choices.

      C.The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.

      D.The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.

      6.A.She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.

      B.She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.

      C.Dr.White hasn’t finished grading the papers.

      D.Dr.White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.

      7.A .Move to a next dormitory B.Find a person to share their apartment.

      C.Clean the room with roommate D.Write an article about their roommate.

      8.A.Bob won’t take her advice.

      B.Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.

      C.She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.

      D.She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.

      9.A.The snack bar isn’t usually so empty.

      B.Dessert is served in the snack bar.

      C.The snack bar is near the library.

      D.Snacks aren’t sllowed in th library.

      10.A.Take her bicycle to the repair shop.

      B.Leave her bicycle outside.

      C.Clean the garage after the rain stops.

      D.Check if the garage is dry.

      Section B

      Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages,and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.

      Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.

      11.A.It helps care for custermer’s dogs. B.You have to buy food for dogs.

      C.None of the dogs are caged D.There is a dog named Princess

      12.A.She likes the food there. B.She enjoys the fun with a pet.

      C.She can have free coffee. D.She doesn’t like to be alone.

      13.A.A new kind of care. B.A new brand of coffee.

      C.A new home for pets. D.A new way to raise pets.

      Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.

      14.A.A trend that high achiever are given a lower salary.

      B.A view that life quallity is more important than pay.

      C.A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs

      D. A new term created by high achivers

      15.A.10% B.12% C.6% D.7%

      16.A.People are less satisfied with their lives. B.The financial investment may increase.

      C.Well-paid jobs are not easy to find. D.Unexpected problem may arise.

      Section C

      Directions: In Section C,you will hear tow longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation,you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers

      Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.

      Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer.

      SRT

      Service Notes

      Account NO.: 17

      Service Requests Check the 18

      Solution: send another 19 2pm. on 20

      Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.

      Complete the form.Write ON MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

      In what way are these climbers special? They are all 21

      Why did they choose to conquer Mount Kilimanjaro? To prove 22

      What did they do in time of difficulty? They persevered, 23each other.

      How did the record their adventure? By keeping 24

      Ⅱ.Grammar and vocabulary

      Section A

      Directions: Af ter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

      (A)

      Gift from a stranger

      My local supermarket is aways busy. The first parking space I found was convenient,but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car cireling for a white (25) I was in a good mood, I left her have it .On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot-it was a tight fit.

      Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26)

      (empty) my purse change into the heads of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.

      Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot carlier.She was fiving me (27) .odd-look half puzzled,half intent(热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I back into my car, I saw the same lady(28) (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said ,hesitantly “This (29) sould crazy, but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s thing off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) her. You helped those people , I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and paused a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”(31) (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.

      After a pause. I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) (nice)gift I’d ever receibed, and I was from a complete stanger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.

      (B)

      Ask Helpful Hannah

      Dear Helpfu hannah,

      I’d got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and be took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant arge (33) (check) for text messages, he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea(34) there may be an important text . He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him ! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see(36) is connecting him is just too great.When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) (igoore) me, he says, “ In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) has posted something new on the internet. Our life (39) (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home ,he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Mybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.

      I recently read an article about “nomophobia” (40) is real illness people can suffer from the feat of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.

      Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!

      Sick and Tired Sadie

      Section B

      Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

      A.access B. altematives C. assigned D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements

      G.function H.innovative I.prospective J.separate K.supporting

      Considering how much time people spend in offices,it is important that work spaces be welll designed.Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 ,customers,They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.

      As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one,office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work envionments of the past, The design industry has moved away from a fixed offices setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments”. These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.

      As employee hierachies(等级制度)have flattened,or decreased,office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and crate fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage,and equipment within the workstation.Another important design goal is communication,which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations.Designers have also created informal gathering places,and upgraded employees' 47 to heavily traficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.

      Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands,including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies,and techological innovation(especially in relation to computerization).These demands must also be balanced with the need to careate interiors(内饰)that in some way enchance,establish,or promote a company's inmage and will enable employees to 49 at their best.

      All these 50 of office design are related.The most successful office designs are like a good marriage-thewell-designed office and the employess that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.

      III. Reading Comprehension

      Section A

      Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

      If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.

      In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.

      Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.

      First Impression

      To help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.

      As it turned out, their 58 judgements often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.

      The 60 Knows

      Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.

      Face Value

      Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.

      When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.

      51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise

      52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial

      53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle

      54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased

      55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D.positon

      56. A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructors

      57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall

      58. A. critical B. initial C. random D.mature

      59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question

      60. A. Nose B . Eye C. Heart D. Hand

      61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior

      62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted

      63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals

      64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses

      65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. Irritating

      Section B

      Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

      (A)

      Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.

      For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.

      The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.

      If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.

      66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?

      A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.

      B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.

      C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.

      D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.

      67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when___________.

      A. snowmen were made mainly by artists

      B. snowmen enjoyed great popularity

      C. snowmen were politically criticized

      D. snowmen caused damaging floods

      68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.

      A. the start of the parade

      B. the coming of a longer summer

      C. the passing of the winter

      D. the success of tradesmen

      69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?

      A. They were appreciated in history

      B. They have lost their value

      C. They were related to movies

      D. They vary in shape and size

      (B)

      Scary Bunny

      The Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.

      Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.

      The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.

      To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!

      70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?

      A. The introduction to the leading roles B. The writer’s opinion of acting

      C. The writer’s comments on the story D. The background information

      71. According to the film review, “monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.

      A. a gun-crazy hunter B. a brainy dog

      C. a scary rabbit D. a giant vegetable

      72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?

      A. It’s full of wit and humour.

      B. Its characters show feelings without words.

      C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.

      D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.

      (C)

      One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor(叛徒). And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”

      During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.

      The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation(狡诈的挑唆) of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.

      Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.

      Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?

      73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?

      A. Cruel. B. Superior. C. Honorable. D. Bade

      74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.

      A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better

      B. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays

      C. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops

      D. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.

      75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?

      A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.

      B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.

      C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.

      D. To warn executives against power misuse.

      76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

      A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.

      B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.

      C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.

      D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.

      77. The best title for the passage is _____.

      A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture

      B. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success

      C. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation

      D. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results

      Section C

      Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

      Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been considered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.

      Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).

      On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.

      (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

      78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?

      79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.

      80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?

      81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.

      第II卷 (共47分)

      I. Translation

      Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

      1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。 (visit)

      2.街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。 (bring)

      3.在你生命中,如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起,那么就去向他道歉吧。 (apology)

      4.这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。 (what)

      5. 申请材料需要精心准备,这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面,准确地了解。 (in order that)

      II. Guided Writing

      Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

      学校即将举办“读书节”,目前正广泛征集“读书节”宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳,你已找到以下三幅图片,决定给读书节组委会写一封信,推荐其中一幅,你的信须包括以下内容:

      1. 简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片;

      2. 阐述你用这幅图片宣传“读书节”的理由。

      2015年高考英语上海卷真题答案

      第I卷

      第一大题第1至第10小题,每题1分;第11至第16小题,每题2分;第17题至第24题,每题1分,共30分。

      1.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.B

      11.C 12.B 13.A 14.B 15.D 16.D

      17.XW94702 18.electricity 19.engineer 20.Wednesday

      21.disabled 22.the human spirit 23.inspiring

      24.an online diary/a diary online

      第二大题每小题1分。共26分。

      25.As/Because/Since 26.emptied 27.an 28.looking 29.minght/may

      30.like 31.Shocked 32.the nicest 33.to check 34.that 35.as if/as though

      36.who 37.ignoring 38.someone/somebody

      39.has been interrupted/is being interrupted/is interrupted 40.which

      41.I 42.B 43.H 44.D 45.C 46.J 47.A 48.E 49.G 50.F

      第三大题第51至第65小题,每题1分;第66至77小题,每题2分;第78至81小题,每题2分,共47分。

      51.A 52.C 53.B 54.D 55.C 56.C 57.A 58.B 59.B 60.A

      61.A 62.D 63.B 64.D 65.C 66.C 67.B 68.C 69.A 70.D

      71.C 72.A 73.A 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.D

      78.Improved physical health and psychosocial development

      79.participate in sports during adulthood

      80.They change rules to suit their needs and their environment

      81.improving perfomance

      第II卷

      I.翻译

      第1-3题,每题4分;第4-5题,每题5分。共22分。

      参考答案(仅供阅卷老师参考)

      1.Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.

      2.Street artists have brough brilliant colours to old neighbourhoods with their creativity.

      3.If there is someone in your life to whom you need to say sorry, go ahead and make an apology.

      4.What makes the game unique is that helps children learn how to cope with problems in real life.

      5.The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and

      accurate konwledge of your abilities.

      II.写作 共25分。

      2015年全国各省市高考英语作文汇总

      延伸阅读:

      2015年全国各省市高考英语真题及答案解析汇总

      历年全国各省市高考英语作文汇总

      历年湖南高三英语月考卷/模考卷/预测卷汇总

      2019高考英语专项大作战专题

      2019高三寒假学习计划

      长沙新东方2019新高一暑假班报名通道

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